Wagenlechner Christine, Wendt Ralph, Reichardt Berthold, Mildner Michael, Mascherbauer Julia, Aigner Clemens, Auer Johann, Ankersmit Hendrik Jan, Graf Alexandra Christine
Center for Medical Data Science, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Clinic of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 2;15(1):22692. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-07360-4.
Recent literature gives different results on morbidity and mortality after COVID-19 hospitalization as compared to Influenza. In this registry-based study in Austria, we compared the short- and long-term outcomes after COVID-19 or Influenza hospitalization and associations with their baseline medication load. Data were provided on children and adolescents hospitalized with COVID-19 (sample size: 1061) in the years 2020 and 2021 or with Influenza in 2016-2021 (sample size: 2781) as well as on matched controls from the Austrian population (10,626 controls for COVID-19 and 27,634 for Influenza). The median follow-up time was 430 days in the COVID-19 and 1221 days in the Influenza group. Hospitalized children were more likely to have a larger disease burden as compared to the general population. Influenza patients were observed to be generally younger with a larger percentage of polypharmacy than those with COVID-19. No significant difference in the time to hospital discharge was found between Influenza and COVID-19 patients (HR 1.22 [95% CI 0.97-1.55], p = 0.093). The risk for readmission was significantly higher for Influenza (HR 1.23 [95% CI 1.03-1.47], p = 0.021). In-hospital mortality (COVID-19: 0.94%; Influenza: 0.22%) and 1-year mortality (COVID-19: 1.13%; Influenza: 0.31%) were observed to be higher in COVID-19 patients but severe events were generally rare. The findings suggest that COVID-19 should not generally be considered a milder disease than Influenza.
与流感相比，近期文献给出了关于新冠病毒疾病（COVID-19）住院后的发病率和死亡率的不同结果。在奥地利这项基于登记处的研究中，我们比较了COVID-19或流感住院后的短期和长期结局以及与他们基线用药负荷的关联。提供了2020年和2021年因COVID-19住院的儿童和青少年（样本量：1061）或2016 - 2021年因流感住院的儿童和青少年（样本量：2781）的数据，以及来自奥地利人群的匹配对照（COVID-19有10626名对照，流感有27634名对照）。COVID-19组的中位随访时间为430天，流感组为1221天。与普通人群相比，住院儿童更有可能有更大的疾病负担。观察到流感患者总体上比COVID-19患者更年轻，多重用药的比例更高。流感患者和COVID-19患者之间在出院时间上未发现显著差异（风险比1.22 [95%置信区间0.97 - 1.55]，p = 0.093）。流感患者再次入院的风险显著更高（风险比1.23 [95%置信区间1.03 - 1.47]，p = 0.021）。观察到COVID-19患者的院内死亡率（COVID-19：0.94%；流感：0.22%）和1年死亡率（COVID-19：1.13%；流感：0.31%）更高，但严重事件总体上很少见。这些发现表明，一般不应认为COVID-19是比流感更轻的疾病。
