Szydełko Dorota, Wdowczyk Aleksandra, Gruss Iwona
Department of Plant Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 24a, Wrocław, 50-363, Poland.
Department of Environmental Protection and Development, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 24, Wrocław, 50-363, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 2;15(1):22688. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-07799-5.
Landfilling is a common method for managing solid waste, but it generates leachate, a highly contaminated liquid that can threaten groundwater, surface water, and soil health. This study examines how raw and treated landfill leachate affects the survival and reproduction of Folsomia candida, a soil-dwelling Collembola species. Leachate treatment was conducted using Vegetation-activated sludge process with different fill materials (zeolite, biochar) and plant variations. The study also explored the relationship between leachate toxicity and its chemical properties to determine key contaminants influencing F. candida. The results showed that both raw and treated leachate reduced Collembola reproduction, with most treatments exhibiting toxicity levels similar to untreated leachate. The number of juveniles decreased by 49.8% with the biochar-plant system and by 64.9% with biochar. The number of adults decreased by 24.4% from day 7 to day 42. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that iron (Fe) was strongly associated with increased mortality, while total dissolved solids (TDS) and organic nitrogen (ON) were positively linked to juvenile abundance. Although the treatment systems removed some contaminants, they were not fully effective, leaving residual pollutants that could pose environmental risks. These findings highlight the need for improved treatment methods to minimize leachate toxicity and protect soil ecosystems.
填埋是一种常见的固体废物管理方法，但它会产生渗滤液，这是一种高度污染的液体，会威胁地下水、地表水和土壤健康。本研究考察了未经处理和经过处理的垃圾渗滤液如何影响念珠弗氏跳虫（一种生活在土壤中的弹尾目物种）的生存和繁殖。渗滤液处理采用植被-活性污泥工艺，使用不同的填充材料（沸石、生物炭）和植物品种。该研究还探讨了渗滤液毒性与其化学性质之间的关系，以确定影响念珠弗氏跳虫的关键污染物。结果表明，未经处理和经过处理的渗滤液均会降低弹尾虫的繁殖率，大多数处理的毒性水平与未经处理的渗滤液相似。在生物炭-植物系统中，幼体数量减少了49.8%，在生物炭处理中减少了64.9%。从第7天到第42天，成体数量减少了24.4%。冗余分析（RDA）显示，铁（Fe）与死亡率增加密切相关，而总溶解固体（TDS）和有机氮（ON）与幼体数量呈正相关。尽管处理系统去除了一些污染物，但它们并不完全有效，仍有残留污染物可能带来环境风险。这些发现凸显了改进处理方法以将渗滤液毒性降至最低并保护土壤生态系统的必要性。
