Shao Leilei, Guo Xuyu, Wang Yang, Lei Tianzhen, Wan Yijie, Ma Lingjian, Niu Na
College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
BMC Genomics. 2025 Jul 1;26(1):619. doi: 10.1186/s12864-025-11746-z.
Cadmium has been accumulating in the agricultural and ecological environment in recent years due to the release of industrial pollutants. Due to its high solubility, slow degradability and high toxicity, it is highly susceptible to occurring in agricultural fields. The presence of cadmium at low concentrations is harmful to plants. Heavy metal ATPases (HMAs) are proteins that can detoxify high concentrations of heavy metals through vacuole compartmentalization or exocytosis pathways. They have been extensively studied in plants. However, the cadmium transport function of HMAs in wheat has not been explored. In this study, a comprehensive and systematic investigation of HMA gene family members in wheat was conducted. A total of 28 putative TaHMAs were identified. Phylogenetically, these 28 putative TaHMAs were divided into two subgroups: Cu/Ag and Zn/Co/Cd/Pb. The gene structures and conserved motifs were consistent within the same branch and diverse in different branches. The TaHMA gene family is closely related to rice, B. distachyon and A. tauschii. GO analysis results suggest that TaHMAs may be involved in cation transport and membrane components. Protein interaction analysis results suggest that TaHMAs may interact with TaSOD to activate the SOD defense mechanism in wheat. Expression patterns exhibited tissue specificity. Finally, the expression patterns of TaHMAs were validated in the roots and leaves of wheat plants under cadmium stress. Our findings will be valuable for functional studies and applications of HMA gene family members in wheat.
近年来，由于工业污染物的排放，镉一直在农业和生态环境中积累。由于其高溶解性、缓慢的降解性和高毒性，它极易在农田中出现。低浓度镉的存在对植物有害。重金属ATP酶（HMAs）是一类蛋白质，可通过液泡区室化或胞吐途径对高浓度重金属进行解毒。它们在植物中已得到广泛研究。然而，HMAs在小麦中的镉转运功能尚未被探索。在本研究中，对小麦中的HMA基因家族成员进行了全面系统的调查。共鉴定出28个假定的TaHMAs。在系统发育上，这28个假定的TaHMAs被分为两个亚组：Cu/Ag和Zn/Co/Cd/Pb。同一分支内的基因结构和保守基序一致，不同分支则不同。TaHMA基因家族与水稻、二穗短柄草和节节麦密切相关。基因本体（GO）分析结果表明，TaHMAs可能参与阳离子转运和膜成分。蛋白质相互作用分析结果表明，TaHMAs可能与TaSOD相互作用，激活小麦中的SOD防御机制。表达模式表现出组织特异性。最后，在镉胁迫下，对小麦植株根和叶中TaHMAs的表达模式进行了验证。我们的研究结果将为小麦中HMA基因家族成员的功能研究和应用提供有价值的参考。
