Raouf May, Kamal Salwa, Elsayed Rawan, Zaki Inass, Kholeif Dina
Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, 0 Khartoum square, Azarita Medical campus, Alexandria, 21131, Egypt.
Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Infect Agent Cancer. 2025 Jul 1;20(1):43. doi: 10.1186/s13027-025-00674-y.
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) remains one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Many viruses have been linked to BC; namely, Human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Bovine leukemia virus (BLV). However, a causal role is yet to be established. OBJECTIVES: To detect the prevalence of BLV, EBV and HPV sequences in BC tissue compared to BC-free tissue and correlate their presence with different pathological features of BC. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was conducted on 75 FFPE (formalin fixed paraffin embedded) blocks of BC tissues and 25 of BC-free tissues obtained from Alexandria Main University Hospital pathology department archive. Demographic, medical, pathological data were retrieved from patients' archival records. Hormonal receptor status, Real-time PCR for viral detection and HPV genotyping were done. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software. The Chi-square test, Fisher's Exact correction and Monte Carlo simulation were used for quantitative variables. RESULTS: Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most predominant histologic type (85.3%). BLV, EBV and HPV were detected in (22.7% vs. 16%, 14.7% vs. 8%, 6.7% vs. 0%) BC vs. non-BC tissues respectively with HR HPV 16 detection. Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and stage III were more commonly seen among tissues with positive viral detection vs. those which were negative (64.3% vs. 53% and 39% vs. 17% respectively). However, no single viral detection was found to be statistically significant in relation to clinicopathological parameters. Multiple viral co-existence was found in 18% of PCR positive cases which was significantly associated with younger age (P = 0.026). CONCLUSION: Low rate of viral presence was found in BC tissues. Nevertheless, LVI and stage III were more commonly seen in tissues with positive viral detection. Moreover, a synergetic relation between multiple viral existence and BC development in young age could be possible yet to be verified.
背景:乳腺癌(BC)仍是全球最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。许多病毒都与乳腺癌有关,即人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)、爱泼斯坦 - 巴尔病毒(EBV)和牛白血病病毒(BLV)。然而,它们的因果关系尚未确立。 目的:检测乳腺癌组织中BLV、EBV和HPV序列的流行率,并与无癌组织进行比较,同时将它们的存在与乳腺癌的不同病理特征相关联。 对象与方法:对从亚历山大主大学医院病理科档案中获取的75个福尔马林固定石蜡包埋(FFPE)乳腺癌组织块和25个无癌组织块进行回顾性病例对照研究。从患者档案记录中检索人口统计学、医学和病理数据。进行激素受体状态检测、病毒检测的实时PCR以及HPV基因分型。使用SPSS软件进行统计分析。卡方检验、费舍尔精确校正和蒙特卡罗模拟用于定量变量。 结果:浸润性导管癌是最主要的组织学类型(85.3%)。在乳腺癌组织与非乳腺癌组织中分别检测到BLV、EBV和HPV的比例为(22.7% 对 16%、14.7% 对 8%、6.7% 对 0%),其中检测到HR HPV 16。在病毒检测呈阳性的组织中,与阴性组织相比,血管淋巴管浸润(LVI)和III期更为常见(分别为64.3% 对 53%和39% 对 17%)。然而,未发现单一病毒检测与临床病理参数具有统计学显著相关性。在18%的PCR阳性病例中发现多种病毒共存,这与较年轻的年龄显著相关(P = 0.026)。 结论:在乳腺癌组织中发现病毒存在率较低。尽管如此,在病毒检测呈阳性的组织中,LVI和III期更为常见。此外,多种病毒共存与年轻乳腺癌发展之间可能存在协同关系,但尚待验证。
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