Lawson James S, Glenn Wendy K
University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Infect Agent Cancer. 2024 Aug 26;19(1):39. doi: 10.1186/s13027-024-00595-2.
During the past two decades evidence has been developed that indicates a handful of viruses with known oncogenic capacity, have potential roles in breast cancer. These viruses are mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV - the cause of breast cancer in mice), high-risk human papilloma viruses (HPV-the cause of cervical cancer), Epstein Barr virus (EBV-the cause of lymphomas and naso-pharyngeal cancer) and bovine leukemia virus (BLV - the cause of cancers in cattle). These viruses may act alone or in combination. Each of these viruses are significantly more prevalent in breast cancers than in normal and benign breast tissue controls. The odds ratios for the prevalence of these viruses in breast cancer compared to normal and benign breast controls, are based on case control studies - MMTV 13·40, HPV 5.56, EBV 4·43 and BLV 2·57. The odds ratios for MMTV are much greater compared to the other three viruses. The evidence for a causal role for mouse mammary tumour virus and high risk for cancer human papilloma viruses in human breast cancer is increasingly comprehensive. The evidence for Epstein Barr virus and bovine leukemia virus is more limited. Overall the evidence is substantial in support of a viral cause of breast cancer.
在过去二十年中，已有证据表明，一些已知具有致癌能力的病毒在乳腺癌中可能发挥作用。这些病毒包括小鼠乳腺肿瘤病毒（MMTV——小鼠乳腺癌的病因）、高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HPV——宫颈癌的病因）、爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV——淋巴瘤和鼻咽癌的病因）以及牛白血病病毒（BLV——牛癌症的病因）。这些病毒可能单独起作用，也可能共同起作用。这些病毒在乳腺癌中的流行程度明显高于正常和良性乳腺组织对照。这些病毒在乳腺癌中的流行率与正常和良性乳腺对照相比的优势比，基于病例对照研究——MMTV为13.40，HPV为5.56，EBV为4.43，BLV为2.57。与其他三种病毒相比，MMTV的优势比要大得多。小鼠乳腺肿瘤病毒和高危型人乳头瘤病毒在人类乳腺癌中具有因果作用的证据越来越全面。爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒和牛白血病病毒的证据则较为有限。总体而言，有大量证据支持乳腺癌的病毒病因。
