Wang Feiyang, Ma Yuzhuo, Lyu Xuerong, Zhang Kewei, Wang Yue, Sheng Jiaqi, Cao Yu, Han Xiang, Wang Xiaoqian
（ 210029） Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
（ 210029） State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Disease, Nanjing 210029, China.
Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2025 Mar 20;56(2):339-344. doi: 10.12182/20250360103.
Rodent models play a crucial role in research on human periodontal diseases, providing key evidence for investigation into the pathological mechanisms of periodontal bone defects. Relevant research in the field involves gene expression, inflammatory regulation mechanisms, host-microbial interactions, as well as disease resolution and healing processes. Research methodology in the field falls under 2 categories-periodontal inflammation models and surgical defect models. The former simulates periodontal defects by inducing periodontal diseases, while the latter constructs clinically simulated periodontal defects through surgical removal of periodontal tissue. However, the currently available animal models of periodontitis face challenges in simultaneously capturing the disease complexity, tracking dynamic repair processes, and meeting translational needs. Herein, we reviewed and summarized the methods and characteristics of periodontal disease modeling in recent years. We proposed the establishment of a multimodal assessment framework integrating technologies such as spatial transcriptomics, single-cell sequencing, and fluorescence imaging, which may serve as a critical pathway for overcoming existing research challenges.
啮齿动物模型在人类牙周疾病研究中发挥着关键作用，为探究牙周骨缺损的病理机制提供了关键证据。该领域的相关研究涉及基因表达、炎症调节机制、宿主-微生物相互作用以及疾病消退和愈合过程。该领域的研究方法分为两类——牙周炎症模型和手术缺损模型。前者通过诱发牙周疾病来模拟牙周缺损，而后者则通过手术切除牙周组织构建临床模拟的牙周缺损。然而，目前可用的牙周炎动物模型在同时捕捉疾病复杂性、跟踪动态修复过程以及满足转化需求方面面临挑战。在此，我们回顾并总结了近年来牙周疾病建模的方法和特点。我们提出建立一个整合空间转录组学、单细胞测序和荧光成像等技术的多模态评估框架，这可能是克服现有研究挑战的关键途径。
