Zhao Rui, Li Shuai, Zhao Jingyuan, Yao Chenhui
Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2025 Jun 26;20:8221-8248. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S514659. eCollection 2025.
Inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) can tackle the issue of low immune response levels in tumor immunotherapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses photosensitizers to generate reactive oxygen species that kill tumor cells, while photothermal therapy (PTT) directly uses heat from photothermal converters to destroy tumor cells. However, these single treatments have their limitations. The development of optical therapy nanodelivery systems, along with the combination of PTT/PDT with chemotherapy and immunotherapy, offers new strategies for tumor immunotherapy. This article explores the application of PDT and PTT mediated by nanodelivery systems in promoting immunogenic cell death in tumor cells. This article explores nano-delivery systems that precisely release photosensitizers to boost efficacy and reduce toxicity. It also discusses their potential for combination therapy through co-delivery, utilizing multimodal strategies to enhance both phototherapy and chemotherapy, thus improving anticancer effectiveness.
诱导免疫原性细胞死亡（ICD）可以解决肿瘤免疫治疗中免疫反应水平低下的问题。光动力疗法（PDT）使用光敏剂产生活性氧来杀死肿瘤细胞，而光热疗法（PTT）则直接利用光热转换器产生的热量来破坏肿瘤细胞。然而，这些单一治疗方法都有其局限性。光学治疗纳米递送系统的发展，以及PTT/PDT与化疗和免疫疗法的联合应用，为肿瘤免疫治疗提供了新的策略。本文探讨了由纳米递送系统介导的PDT和PTT在促进肿瘤细胞免疫原性细胞死亡中的应用。本文探讨了能精确释放光敏剂以提高疗效并降低毒性的纳米递送系统。还讨论了它们通过共递送进行联合治疗的潜力，利用多模态策略增强光疗和化疗效果，从而提高抗癌效果。
