Liu Gang, Chen Jingyao, Ali Shuaib, Rui Zhang, Chen Huan
College of International Tourism and Public Administration, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
School of Business, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China.
Front Psychol. 2025 Jun 16;16:1555524. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1555524. eCollection 2025.
This study explores the spatial spillover effects (SSE) and dynamic mechanisms of cultural tourism in the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). This study examines how infrastructure development, cultural integration, and spatial connectivity affect cultural tourism in Pakistan's CPEC and non-CPEC regions using spatial spillover and Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory.
Data were collected from 1,387 respondents in both regions, analyzed using the spatial Durbin model and structural equation modeling, and visualized using ArcMap and Geoda.
The results indicate that the growth of cultural tourism is strongly influenced by dynamic processes, including better infrastructure, more cultural interchange, and easier accessibility, particularly in CPEC regions. Furthermore, non-CPEC regions exhibit minor advantages in terms of indirect economic gains and increased accessibility, highlighting the ongoing inequalities.
These findings provide empirical insights into the regional impacts of large-scale initiatives, such as CPEC, and draw attention to government intervention, equitable resource allocation, and stakeholder collaboration to achieve long-term cultural tourism.
本研究探讨了中巴经济走廊（CPEC）文化旅游的空间溢出效应（SSE）和动态机制。本研究运用空间溢出和霍夫斯泰德文化维度理论，考察基础设施发展、文化融合和空间连通性如何影响巴基斯坦中巴经济走廊地区和非中巴经济走廊地区的文化旅游。
从两个地区的1387名受访者收集数据，采用空间杜宾模型和结构方程模型进行分析，并使用ArcMap和Geoda进行可视化。
结果表明，文化旅游的增长受到动态过程的强烈影响，包括更好的基础设施、更多的文化交流和更高的可达性，特别是在中巴经济走廊地区。此外，非中巴经济走廊地区在间接经济收益和可达性提高方面表现出较小优势，凸显了持续存在的不平等现象。
这些发现为中巴经济走廊等大规模倡议的区域影响提供了实证见解，并提请关注政府干预、公平资源分配和利益相关者合作，以实现长期文化旅游。
