Organic mechanoluminescent nanoparticles for biomedical applications.

Mechanoluminescence has emerged as a promising tool for biomedical applications, particularly when paired with ultrasound to enable remote activation. These mechanoluminescent systems have shown potential by offering non-electrical, remote control over biological processes, particularly in fields of neuromodulation and bioimaging. Among these systems, organic mechanoluminescent nanoparticles have garnered attention for their biocompatibility, structural flexibility, light weight properties, and biodegradability, positioning them as ideal candidates for next-generation biomedical devices. This review summarizes recent progress on new designs, discoveries, and mechanisms in the research of organic mechanoluminescent materials, with a focus on their innovative applications in neuromodulation, bioimaging and theranostics; meanwhile also exploring their potential in optophysiology and other biomedical applications. By highlighting the advances of organic mechanoluminescent systems, this review underscores their transformative potential in enabling novel light-mediated bioapplications.