Merle Cordula Leonie, Rott Theresa Antonia, Rauch Angelika, Wolfarth Bernd, Wüstenfeld Jan, Hellmann Daniel, Haak Rainer, Schmalz Gerhard, Ziebolz Dirk
Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
Dept. of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Clin Oral Investig. 2025 Jul 2;29(7):369. doi: 10.1007/s00784-025-06434-x.
This retrospective, monocentric, questionnaire-based cross-sectional study investigated self-reported symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and oral splint use among elite German athletes.
Elite athletes (all sports except disability sports, 18–35 years old) who completed a questionnaire on oral health in sports between May 2020 and April 2021 were included. The assessed parameters included anamnestic TMD symptoms (3Q/TMD), oral splint use (presence, reason, wearing habits), current stress levels (scale 1–10), current training load (hours/week), and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL; OHIP-G5). Data from 337 elite athletes (23 ± 4 years, 50% female) were analysed. The prevalence of self-reported TMD symptoms was compared across sexes, orofacial trauma risk levels, and types of sports activity.
10% of the athletes reported TMD symptoms, with a significant sex difference (male: 5%, female: 15%; = 0.006). There was no significant difference based on orofacial trauma risk ( = 0.941) or activity type ( = 0.913). A higher proportion of athletes with self-reported TMD symptoms reported impaired OHRQoL (OHIP > 0: < 0.001), whereas there were no differences in stress levels and training load. Oral splint use was reported by 26% of the athletes.
10% of elite German athletes require further diagnostic evaluation regarding possible TMD, which might be comparable to the prevalence of TMD among the general population. One quarter of the athletes reported having oral splints. Clinical Relevance: TMD, bruxism, and oral splints should be routinely considered in sports dental care.
本项基于问卷的回顾性、单中心横断面研究调查了德国精英运动员颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMD）的自我报告症状及口腔矫治器的使用情况。
纳入2020年5月至2021年4月期间完成一份关于运动中口腔健康问卷的精英运动员（除残疾人运动外的所有运动项目，年龄18 - 35岁）。评估参数包括既往TMD症状（3Q/TMD）、口腔矫治器使用情况（是否使用、原因、佩戴习惯）、当前压力水平（1 - 10级量表）、当前训练负荷（小时/周）以及口腔健康相关生活质量（OHRQoL；OHIP - G5）。对337名精英运动员（23±4岁，50%为女性）的数据进行分析。比较自我报告的TMD症状在性别、口腔颌面部创伤风险水平和体育活动类型之间的患病率。
10%的运动员报告有TMD症状，存在显著的性别差异（男性：5%，女性：15%；P = 0.006）。基于口腔颌面部创伤风险（P = 0.941）或活动类型（P = 0.913）无显著差异。自我报告有TMD症状的运动员中，有更高比例报告OHRQoL受损（OHIP＞0：P＜0.001），而压力水平和训练负荷无差异。26%的运动员报告使用口腔矫治器。
10%的德国精英运动员可能需要进一步针对潜在TMD进行诊断评估，这一患病率可能与普通人群中的TMD患病率相当。四分之一的运动员报告使用口腔矫治器。临床意义：在运动牙科护理中应常规考虑TMD、磨牙症和口腔矫治器。
