Hurseresht Ziba, Jalali Mohsen
Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2025 Jul 2. doi: 10.1007/s12011-025-04714-x.
The utilization of medicinal plants in Iran and other parts of the world is increasing, and there is a need to study the levels of macro and trace elements, including toxic elements, in medicinal plants. This study analyzed trace and macro elements in 42 medicinal plant samples from a medicinal plant garden in Hamadan city, western Iran. The average trace element contents (mg kg dry weight) in the aerial parts were 1.29 mg kg for Cd, 10.5 mg kg for Cu, 75.5 mg kg for Fe, 41.3 mg kg for Mn, 3.22 mg kg for Ni, and 19.7 mg kg for Zn. Iron was highest in Origanum majorana (96.7 mg kg), while Cd was lowest in Inula helenium (0.85 mg kg). For macro elements, the highest values were Ca in Urtica dioica (27,800 mg kg), K in Echium amoenum (34,600 mg kg), Mg in Verbascum thapsus (9080 mg kg), and Na in Borago officinalis (10,500 mg kg). Relative to adult RDAs, Marrubium vulgare is a key source of Ca (64%) and K (22%), Achillea millefolium provides Mg (98%), Fe (54%), and Mn (97%), and Matricaria chamomilla contributes Cu (86%). The bioaccumulation factor (BCF) averaged 0.68 for Cd, 0.27 for Cu, 0.005 for Fe, 0.26 for Mn, 0.05 for Ni, and 0.44 for Zn, with the highest BCF for Cd (0.92 in Urtica dioica) and lowest for Fe (0.0031 in Marrubium vulgare). The Alcea kurdica, Plantago major, and Urtica dioica may be considered in phytoremediation due to the higher Cd and Ni accumulation. Among studied trace elements, Cd had the highest hazard quotient. This study highlights both the nutritional benefits and safety hazards linked to medicinal plants and proposes some medicinal plants for possible phytoremediation of contaminated soils.
伊朗及世界其他地区对药用植物的利用正在增加，因此有必要研究药用植物中常量和微量元素（包括有毒元素）的含量水平。本研究分析了伊朗西部哈马丹市一个药用植物园中42种药用植物样本中的微量和常量元素。地上部分微量元素的平均含量（毫克/千克干重）分别为：镉1.29毫克/千克、铜10.5毫克/千克、铁75.5毫克/千克、锰41.3毫克/千克、镍3.22毫克/千克、锌19.7毫克/千克。铁在牛至中含量最高（96.7毫克/千克），而镉在土木香中含量最低（0.85毫克/千克）。对于常量元素，含量最高的分别是：钙在异株荨麻中（27800毫克/千克）、钾在天蓝蓟中（34600毫克/千克）、镁在毛蕊花中（9080毫克/千克）、钠在琉璃苣中（10500毫克/千克）。相对于成人推荐膳食摄入量，夏至草是钙（64%）和钾（22%）的重要来源，蓍草提供镁（98%）、铁（54%）和锰（97%），母菊花贡献铜（86%）。镉的生物富集系数（BCF）平均为0.68，铜为0.27，铁为0.005，锰为0.26，镍为0.05，锌为0.44，其中镉的BCF最高（异株荨麻中为0.92），铁的BCF最低（夏至草中为0.0031）。由于库尔德蜀葵、大车前和异株荨麻对镉和镍的积累量较高，可考虑用于植物修复。在所研究的微量元素中，镉的危害商数最高。本研究突出了与药用植物相关的营养益处和安全隐患，并提出了一些可用于污染土壤植物修复的药用植物。
