Hammond Timothy G, Panikkanvalappil Sajanlal R, Allen Patricia L, Gaikani Hamid Kian, Nislow Corey, Giaever Guri, Zhang Ye, Levine Howard G, Gaza Ramona, Dimapilis Dinah, Wells Howard W, Russick James M, Durand Pierre M, Birdsall Holly H
Research Service Line, Durham VA Health Care System, Building 15, Room 210 508 Fulton Street, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.
Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 2;15(1):23396. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-05419-w.
On the Artemis I mission, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a green unicellular flagellate alga, was exposed to the galactic cosmic environment. A new flight hardware termed "Moonshot" was designed, built, and flown. "Moonshot" performed flawlessly, and is available as flight-certified, flight-proven hardware for timed illumination and monitoring for flight and terrestrial applications. The Chlamydomonas strains were spotted on nutrient agar plates and flown on Artemis I in the new Moonshot hardware that provided six hours of light daily to synchronize the algal cell cycle and tracked temperature, power use, and gravity over time. Synchronous ground controls in identical hardware were run in parallel. The Artemis-1 flight of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii around the Moon with exposure to the galactic cosmic environment showed: (1) Flown samples exposed to cosmic radiation showed increased programmed cell death and decreased necrosis compared to ground control samples. (2) There was robust Chlamydomonas growth in both flown and ground control samples post flight. (3) Raman spectroscopy analysis showed that redox-protective terpenoid carotene pigments, known cell death mediators, were increased during flight around the moon. (4) Insertion of the Dsup tardigrade gene was protective both on the ground and in flight.
在“阿耳忒弥斯一号”任务中，莱茵衣藻（一种绿色单细胞鞭毛藻）被暴露于银河宇宙环境中。设计、制造并搭载了一种名为“月球计划”的新型飞行硬件。“月球计划”运行完美，可作为经过飞行认证和验证的硬件用于定时照明以及飞行和地面应用的监测。将衣藻菌株点种在营养琼脂平板上，并搭载于“阿耳忒弥斯一号”的新型“月球计划”硬件中，该硬件每天提供6小时光照以同步藻类细胞周期，并随时间跟踪温度、电力使用和重力情况。同时运行相同硬件中的同步地面控制实验。莱茵衣藻随“阿耳忒弥斯一号”绕月飞行并暴露于银河宇宙环境的实验结果表明：（1）与地面控制样本相比，暴露于宇宙辐射的飞行样本程序性细胞死亡增加，坏死减少。（2）飞行后，飞行样本和地面控制样本中的衣藻均生长旺盛。（3）拉曼光谱分析表明，氧化还原保护类萜胡萝卜素色素（已知的细胞死亡介质）在绕月飞行期间增加。（4）插入Dsup缓步动物基因在地面和飞行中均具有保护作用。
