Uchiya Kei-Ichi, Wajima Takeaki, Nakagawa Taku, Inagaki Takayuki, Ogawa Kenji
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan.
Department of Respiratory Medicine, NHO Higashinagoya National Hospital, Nagoya, 465-8620, Japan.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 2;15(1):23121. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-04846-z.
Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH) causes mainly pulmonary infection in immunocompetent hosts, disseminated infection in immunocompromised hosts, such as individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and infection in pigs. To examine the features of MAH isolates from different origins, we performed molecular epidemiological analysis and drug susceptibility testing using eight drugs, including clarithromycin, rifampicin, ethambutol, streptomycin, and amikacin. Phylogenetic analysis based on the allelic profile of whole-genome multi-locus sequence typing of 156 strains, including those from Japan, Europe, the United States, and Taiwan, revealed that 93.6% of isolates from patients with pulmonary MAH disease and 61.5% of isolates from HIV-positive patients formed clusters unique to Japanese strains, whereas the remaining isolates from HIV-positive patients and all isolates from pigs were included in other clusters formed by strains from Europe, the United States, and Taiwan. Thus, isolates from patients with pulmonary MAH disease and pigs were genetically distinct, and isolates from HIV-positive patients were classified into two distinct genetic types. Furthermore, isolates from patients with pulmonary MAH disease were significantly more resistant to seven drugs, excluding rifampicin, compared with other isolates. These results indicate that MAH isolates from three different origins in Japan have different genetic and drug susceptibility characteristics.
鸟分枝杆菌人型亚种（MAH）主要在免疫功能正常的宿主中引起肺部感染，在免疫功能低下的宿主（如感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的个体）中引起播散性感染，还可引起猪的感染。为了研究来自不同来源的MAH分离株的特征，我们使用了包括克拉霉素、利福平、乙胺丁醇、链霉素和阿米卡星在内的八种药物进行了分子流行病学分析和药敏试验。基于对156株菌株（包括来自日本、欧洲、美国和台湾的菌株）进行全基因组多位点序列分型的等位基因谱的系统发育分析显示，93.6%的肺部MAH病患者分离株和61.5%的HIV阳性患者分离株形成了日本菌株特有的簇，而其余的HIV阳性患者分离株和所有猪的分离株都包含在由欧洲、美国和台湾的菌株形成的其他簇中。因此,肺部MAH病患者的分离株和猪的分离株在基因上是不同的，HIV阳性患者的分离株被分为两种不同的基因类型。此外，与其他分离株相比，肺部MAH病患者的分离株对除利福平之外的七种药物的耐药性明显更高。这些结果表明，来自日本三个不同来源的MAH分离株具有不同的遗传和药敏特征。
