Kolomeets N S, Uranova N A
Laboratory of Clinical Neuropathology, Mental Health Research Centre, Kashirskoe Shosse, 34, Moscow, Russia, 115522.
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2025 Jul 3. doi: 10.1007/s00406-025-02057-1.
The deficit of oligodendrocyte family cells has commonly been implicated in the dysfunction of neuronal networks in schizophrenia. Previously we reported a significant deficit of oligodendrocytes (Ol) and oligodendrocyte clusters (OlC), containing differentiating oligodendrocyte progenitors, in the cortical hubs of fronto-parietal cognitive (FPN) and default mode (DMN) networks, and in the striatum which is a central relay of the numerous networks. Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is crucial for integration of cognitive and emotional processes in support of goal-directed behavior and it's connections with FPN, DMN and basal ganglia are altered in schizophrenia. Few studies have examined changes in Ol family cell numbers in the ACC in schizophrenia, however, decreased expression of myelin- and oligodendrocyte-related genes in the ACC are characteristic of schizophrenia. We used optical disector method to estimate the numerical density (Nv) of oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte clusters in layer 5 of dorsal ACC (dACC) in schizophrenia (18 cases per group) as compared to healthy controls (13 cases per group). A significant reduction in the Nv of oligodendrocytes (- 23%; p < 0.01) and NvOlC (- 28%, p = 0.012) was found in schizophrenia as compared to the control group. We found significant correlations between the NvOl and the NvOlC in both control (R = 0.9; p < 0.001) and schizophrenia groups (R = 0.77; p = 0.014). The deficits in the number of OL and OlC in layer 5 of dACC may be tightly linked with reduced reciprocal ACC-thalamic connectivity in patients brain which were reported strongly correlate with positive symptoms fundamental for schizophrenia.
少突胶质细胞家族细胞的缺失通常与精神分裂症中神经网络的功能障碍有关。此前我们报道，在额顶叶认知（FPN）和默认模式（DMN）网络的皮质枢纽以及作为众多网络中央中继站的纹状体中，少突胶质细胞（Ol）和包含分化少突胶质前体细胞的少突胶质细胞簇（OlC）存在显著缺失。前扣带回皮质（ACC）对于整合认知和情感过程以支持目标导向行为至关重要，并且它与FPN、DMN和基底神经节的连接在精神分裂症中发生改变。然而，很少有研究考察精神分裂症患者ACC中Ol家族细胞数量的变化，不过，ACC中髓鞘和少突胶质细胞相关基因表达降低是精神分裂症的特征。我们采用光学分割法估计精神分裂症患者（每组18例）与健康对照者（每组13例）背侧ACC（dACC）第5层中少突胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞簇的数值密度（Nv）。与对照组相比，精神分裂症患者中少突胶质细胞的Nv显著降低（-23%；p<0.01），NvOlC也显著降低（-28%，p=0.012）。我们发现，在对照组（R=0.9；p<0.001）和精神分裂症组（R=0.77；p=0.014）中，NvOl与NvOlC之间均存在显著相关性。dACC第5层中OL和OlC数量的缺失可能与患者大脑中ACC-丘脑相互连接性降低紧密相关，据报道，这与精神分裂症的阳性症状密切相关。
