Conrick Kelsey M, Banks Samantha, Schleimer Julia P, Gomez Anthony, Pallickaparambil Aley Joseph, Ta Myduc, Rowhani-Rahbar Ali
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle.
Firearm Injury & Policy Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle.
JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Jul 1;8(7):e2518960. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.18960.
Secure firearm storage is a key strategy for firearm injury prevention. Understanding trends in firearm storage behaviors over time is critical for developing tailored interventions.
To characterize trends in household firearm storage from 2013 to 2022 in Washington State and to assess time-varying associations between demographic groups and secure storage.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This survey study with repeated cross-sectional measures used data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a state-based survey of adults (aged ≥18 years) living in Washington State that was conducted by telephone and included questions regarding firearm storage in the 2013, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2020, or 2022 cycles. Data were analyzed from August 2024 through April 2025.
Demographic variables including sex, age, rurality (urban vs small town or rural), veteran status, and the presence of children in the home.
The primary outcome was the percentage of adults who reported secure firearm storage (all household firearms stored unloaded and locked). Logistic regression models that included each of the selected demographic variables, year, and interactions between them were used to estimate time-varying associations, with weighted percentages used to account for complex survey design and to be representative of the adult population of Washington State.
A total of 77 275 survey respondents (mean [SD] age, 46.7 [18.9] years) in Washington State were included in the analysis. Of these, 51.7% (95% CI, 51.2%-52.1%) were female. The percentage of adults reporting household firearm presence was 35.7% (95% CI, 34.4%-37.0%) in 2013 and 33.3% (95% CI, 32.5%-34.1%) in 2022. Among households with firearms (n = 27 721), secure storage was reported among 34.9% (95% CI, 32.8%-37.1%) in 2013 and 48.8% (95% CI, 47.2%-50.3%) in 2022. The odds of secure storage significantly increased per year overall (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95% CI, 1.06-1.08), and among nearly all subgroups: males (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.07-1.10), females (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04-1.08), veterans (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.07-1.10), nonveterans (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.05-1.08), those with children (1.08; 95% CI, 1.06-1.10), and those without (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.06-1.08). The odds increased in urban areas (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.05-1.08) and suburban areas or large towns (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.05-1.10) but not in small towns or rural areas (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.97-1.06).
In this survey study of Washington State adults, the percentage of adults reporting secure storage of household firearms increased from 2013 to 2022, but differences persisted across demographic groups. These findings underscore the need for more tailored interventions to address these disparities.
安全存放枪支是预防枪支伤害的关键策略。了解枪支存放行为随时间的变化趋势对于制定针对性的干预措施至关重要。
描述2013年至2022年华盛顿州家庭枪支存放的趋势，并评估不同人口群体与安全存放之间随时间变化的关联。
设计、背景和参与者：这项采用重复横断面测量的调查研究使用了行为风险因素监测系统的数据，该系统是一项针对居住在华盛顿州的成年人（年龄≥18岁）的全州性调查，通过电话进行，在2013年、2015年、2016年、2018年、2020年或2022年的调查周期中包含了有关枪支存放的问题。数据于2024年8月至2025年4月进行分析。
人口统计学变量，包括性别、年龄、城乡状况（城市与小镇或农村）、退伍军人身份以及家中是否有儿童。
主要结局是报告安全存放枪支的成年人比例（所有家用枪支均卸载并上锁存放）。使用包含每个选定人口统计学变量、年份及其之间相互作用的逻辑回归模型来估计随时间变化的关联，加权百分比用于考虑复杂的调查设计并代表华盛顿州的成年人口。
华盛顿州共有77275名调查受访者（平均[标准差]年龄为46.7[18.9]岁）纳入分析。其中，51.7%（95%置信区间，51.2%-52.1%）为女性。2013年报告家中有枪支的成年人比例为35.7%（95%置信区间,34.4%-37.0%），2022年为33.3%（95%置信区间,32.5%-34.1%）。在有枪支的家庭（n = 27721）中，2013年报告安全存放的比例为34.9%（95%置信区间,32.8%-37.1%），2022年为48.8%（95%置信区间,47.2%-50.3%）。总体而言，安全存放的几率每年显著增加（优势比[OR]，1.07；95%置信区间，1.06-1.0），几乎在所有亚组中都是如此：男性（OR，1.08；95%置信区间，1.07-1.10）、女性（OR，1.06；95%置信区间，1.04-1.08）、退伍军人（OR，1.09；95%置信区间，1.07-1.10）、非退伍军人（OR，1.07；95%置信区间，1.05-1.08）、有孩子的人（1.08；95%置信区间，1.06-1.10）和没有孩子的人（OR，1.07；95%置信区间，1.06-1.08）。城市地区（OR，1.07；95%置信区间，1.05-1.08）和郊区或大城镇（OR，1.08；95%置信区间，1.05-1.10）的几率增加，但小镇或农村地区没有增加（OR，1.01；95%置信区间，0.97-1.06）。
在这项针对华盛顿州成年人的调查研究中，报告安全存放家用枪支的成年人比例从2013年到2022年有所增加，但不同人口群体之间的差异仍然存在。这些发现强调需要采取更具针对性的干预措施来解决这些差异。
