Ghanem Amr Sayed, Trefan Laszlo, Márton Ildikó, Fadgyas-Freyler Petra, Nagy Attila Csaba, Móré Marianna
Department of Health Informatics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
PLoS One. 2025 Jul 3;20(7):e0327566. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0327566. eCollection 2025.
Hungary is among countries with the highest standardised rate oral and mouth cancers. This first national analysis aimed to quantify age-standardized oral cancer incidence in Hungary from 2015 to 2019 by sex and age, determine the median interval from diagnosis to death, and evaluate comorbidity prevalence and its prognostic impact.
We used real-world data from the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund database. Adjusted, standardised incidence- and hospital readmission rates were calculated; time between diagnosis and death and effect of comorbidities coexisting with oral cancer were analysed.
Generally, incidence and hospitalisation rates decreased in the studied period, for males and older age group both rates were higher. From year 2017 for incidence rates significant differences were found between a particular region and the other regions; and hospitalisation rates differed significantly for three regions from other regions. Almost half (46.3%) of the patients died within a year after diagnosis, mortality rates were 31.8% for males and 14.5% for females. Existence of oral cancer indicated 5.20 (95% confidence interval, 5.03,5.38), 5.84 (95% confidence interval, 5.64,6.04) odd ratios for mortality by two models. Number and relative risk of comorbidities were higher among patients diagnosed with oral cancer than in the control population.
The study highlighted progress in reducing oral cancer incidence rates in Hungary, however significant challenges remain in reducing mortality rates and improving survival within the first year of diagnosis. The study also showed oral cancer a serious burden in the country, especially for males.
匈牙利是口腔癌标准化发病率最高的国家之一。这项首次全国性分析旨在按性别和年龄对2015年至2019年匈牙利口腔癌的年龄标准化发病率进行量化，确定从诊断到死亡的中位间隔时间，并评估合并症患病率及其预后影响。
我们使用了匈牙利国家健康保险基金数据库中的真实世界数据。计算了调整后的标准化发病率和医院再入院率；分析了诊断与死亡之间的时间以及与口腔癌共存的合并症的影响。
总体而言，在研究期间发病率和住院率有所下降，男性和老年组的这两个率都较高。从2017年起，特定地区与其他地区的发病率存在显著差异；三个地区与其他地区的住院率也有显著差异。几乎一半（46.3%）的患者在诊断后一年内死亡，男性死亡率为31.8%，女性为14.5%。口腔癌的存在通过两种模型显示出死亡率的优势比分别为5.20（95%置信区间，5.03，5.38）和5.84（95%置信区间，5.64，6.04）。口腔癌患者中合并症的数量和相对风险高于对照人群。
该研究突出了匈牙利在降低口腔癌发病率方面取得的进展，然而在降低死亡率和提高诊断后第一年的生存率方面仍存在重大挑战。该研究还表明口腔癌在该国是一个严重负担，尤其是对男性而言。
