Janakiraman Shruti, Saravana Bhava Reshmi, Mani Naresh Kumar
Microfluidics, Sensors and Diagnostics (μSenD) Laboratory, Centre for Microfluidics, Biomarkers, Photoceutics and Sensors (µBioPS), Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
Innotech Manipal, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
Mikrochim Acta. 2025 Jul 5;192(8):482. doi: 10.1007/s00604-025-07333-4.
The human body relies on various biological and environmental cues, and regulatory processes for basic functioning and maintenance of health. Thus, by monitoring these cues, which include biomarkers and chemical contaminants, scientists and health professionals can prioritize the health, well-being, and longevity of the general population. These analytes are found in biological and other fluids and are usually extracted using conventional extraction methods like liquid-liquid or solid-phase extraction. Until recently, these methods were used in tandem with conventional detection techniques like LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. However, this inept combination proves to be disadvantageous for the general population due to its higher costs, requirement of specialized equipment and experienced personnel, usage of several organic and environmentally harmful reagents, and a centralized approach. Thus, recently there has been a rise in the usage of microfluidics, particularly µPADs and conventional extraction techniques. By capitalizing on the multifarious advantages of µPADs, including affordability, miniaturization, and dispensable equipment, researchers have developed all-in-one microfluidic paper-based analytical extraction devices (µPAEDs). This approach mitigates the risks associated with the former and improves costs, transportability, and accessibility. Additionally, this novel approach has also been applied to non-invasive detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this review, we highlight the advancements of µPAEDs to detect myriads of biomarkers and chemical contaminants in samples like blood, breath, and water.
人体依赖于各种生物和环境线索以及调节过程来实现基本功能和维持健康。因此，通过监测这些线索，包括生物标志物和化学污染物，科学家和健康专业人员可以将普通人群的健康、福祉和长寿作为优先事项。这些分析物存在于生物和其他液体中，通常使用液 - 液萃取或固相萃取等传统萃取方法进行提取。直到最近，这些方法还与液相色谱 - 串联质谱（LC - MS/MS）和气相色谱 - 质谱（GC - MS/MS）等传统检测技术一起使用。然而，这种不恰当的组合对普通人群来说是不利的，因为其成本较高、需要专门设备和有经验的人员、使用多种有机且对环境有害的试剂，以及采用集中式方法。因此，最近微流控技术，特别是微流控纸基分析装置（µPADs）和传统萃取技术的使用有所增加。通过利用µPADs的多种优势，包括可承受性、小型化和无需设备，研究人员开发了一体化的基于微流控纸的分析萃取装置（µPAEDs）。这种方法降低了与前者相关的风险，并提高了成本效益、可运输性和可及性。此外，这种新方法还被应用于挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的无创检测。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了µPAEDs在检测血液、呼吸气和水等样本中的大量生物标志物和化学污染物方面的进展。
