Bazmi Sina, Pourmontaseri Hossein, Shahraki Seyede Fateme Mousavi, Pourmontaseri Ahmad Reza, Askari Alireza, Bagheri Pezhman, Homayounfar Reza, Farjam Mojtaba, Dehghan Azizallah, Fakhraei Bahareh, Vahid Farhad, Jaafari Nematollah
Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
Student Research Committee, Islamic Azad University of Shiraz, Campus Branch, Shiraz, Iran.
J Health Popul Nutr. 2025 Jul 5;44(1):239. doi: 10.1186/s41043-025-00998-w.
The cross-link between diet, sleep quality, and chronic inflammation is increasingly recognized and gaining significant attention. However, current research on this topic is limited and conflicting. In this study, we explore the connection between diet's inflammatory potential, measured by the Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII), and sleep disorders in a rural Iranian population. Our hypothesis suggests that an inflammatory diet may contribute to sleep quality disorders.
This cross-sectional study included data from the Fasa Adult Cohort Study (FACS) (n = 10,138). Sleep efficiency < 85%, sleep duration < 7 h, and sleep latency > 15 min were defined using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The E-DII was calculated using a validated 125-item food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed the association between E-DII quartiles and sleep disorders.
Our analyses included 9,761 individuals with a mean age of 49 ± 10 years. The average E-DII was - 0.30 ± 2.05. After adjusting for several confounders, participants in the highest quartile of E-DII had significantly higher odds of experiencing high sleep latency (OR = 1.30, 95%CI: 1.11-1.51, p-value < 0.001), low sleep efficiency (OR = 1.43, 95%CI: 1.17-1.76, p-value < 0.001), using sleeping pills (OR = 1.53, 95%CI: 1.19-1.97, p-value < 0.001), and no leg restlessness (OR = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.71-0.97, p-value 0.02) compared to those in the lowest quartile. However, E-DII did not correlate with sleep duration or daily dozing-offs.
Our findings have implications for dietary interventions in managing sleep disorders. Individuals with sleep difficulties, particularly in initiating sleep, are advised to reduce intake of proinflammatory nutrients and increase consumption of anti-inflammatory nutrients.
饮食、睡眠质量与慢性炎症之间的关联日益受到关注。然而，目前关于该主题的研究有限且存在矛盾。在本研究中，我们探讨了通过能量调整饮食炎症指数（E-DII）衡量的饮食炎症潜能与伊朗农村人群睡眠障碍之间的联系。我们的假设是，炎症性饮食可能导致睡眠质量障碍。
这项横断面研究纳入了法萨成人队列研究（FACS）（n = 10,138）的数据。使用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）定义睡眠效率<85%、睡眠时间<7小时和睡眠潜伏期>15分钟。E-DII通过经过验证的125项食物频率问卷计算得出。多变量逻辑回归模型评估了E-DII四分位数与睡眠障碍之间的关联。
我们的分析纳入了9761名平均年龄为49±10岁的个体。E-DII的平均值为-0.30±2.05。在调整了多个混杂因素后，与E-DII最低四分位数的参与者相比，E-DII最高四分位数的参与者出现高睡眠潜伏期（OR = 1.30，95%CI：1.11 - 1.51，p值<0.001）、低睡眠效率（OR = 1.43，95%CI：1.17 - 1.76，p值<0.001）、使用安眠药（OR = 1.53，95%CI：1.19 - 1.97，p值<0.001）以及无腿部不安（OR = 0.83，95%CI：0.71 - 0.97，p值0.02）的几率显著更高。然而，E-DII与睡眠时间或每日打瞌睡无关。
我们的研究结果对管理睡眠障碍的饮食干预具有启示意义。建议有睡眠困难的个体，尤其是入睡困难者，减少促炎营养素的摄入，增加抗炎营养素的消费。
