Namvar Zahra, Sepahy Abbas Akhavan, Tabatabaei Robab Rafiei, Sharifynia Somayeh, Aala Farzad, Rezaie Sassan
Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Long Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Folia Microbiol (Praha). 2025 Jul 7. doi: 10.1007/s12223-025-01284-2.
Candida species are now taken as one of the essential opportunistic pathogens in clinical specimens. Although Candida albicans is one of the most essential opportunistic pathogens, non-albicans Candida (NAC) should not be taken for granted because these microorganisms are among the most common pathogens in patients today, leading to diseases, such as candidiasis, gastrointestinal tract infection, and vulvovaginitis. Fungal agents produce secreted aspartic proteinases (SAPs) to penetrate tissues. SAPs facilitate the invasion and colonization of host tissue by rupturing host mucosal membranes. They play an important role in weakening the structural and immunological defense proteins. The aim of this study was to compare the expression of SAP 1-3 genes in NAC isolated from different samples. We isolated the NAC such as Candida parapsilosis (C. parapsilosis), Candida tropicalis (C. tropicalis), Pichia kudriavzevii (P. kudriavzevii), and Nakaseomyces glabrata (N. glabrata) from two different sources of bovine raw milk and human samples. Then, we compared the expression of SAP1, SAP2, and SAP3 genes in both samples by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results of gene expression showed that expression of the genes SAP2 and SAP3 was different in C. parapsilosis detected from raw milk and human samples. The expression of SAP2 was significantly decreased in human samples (**p < 0.01), whereas the expression of SAP3 was significantly increased in human samples (*p < 0.05). In some cases, the expression of these genes was similar among N. glabrata, P. kudriavzevii, and C. tropicalis. The expression of SAP2 and SAP3 genes in the same species of NAC from various sources is different.
念珠菌属现已被视为临床标本中重要的机会性病原菌之一。尽管白色念珠菌是最重要的机会性病原菌之一，但非白色念珠菌（NAC）也不容忽视，因为这些微生物是当今患者中最常见的病原菌之一，可导致念珠菌病、胃肠道感染和外阴阴道炎等疾病。真菌病原体分泌天冬氨酸蛋白酶（SAPs）以穿透组织。SAPs通过破坏宿主黏膜来促进宿主组织的侵袭和定植。它们在削弱结构和免疫防御蛋白方面发挥着重要作用。本研究的目的是比较从不同样本中分离出的NAC中天冬氨酸蛋白酶1 - 3基因的表达情况。我们从两种不同来源的生鲜牛乳和人类样本中分离出近平滑念珠菌（C. parapsilosis）、热带念珠菌（C. tropicalis）、季也蒙毕赤酵母（P. kudriavzevii）和光滑念珠菌（N. glabrata）等NAC。然后，我们通过定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）比较了两个样本中天冬氨酸蛋白酶1、天冬氨酸蛋白酶2和天冬氨酸蛋白酶3基因的表达情况。基因表达结果显示，从生鲜牛乳和人类样本中检测到的近平滑念珠菌中天冬氨酸蛋白酶2和天冬氨酸蛋白酶3基因的表达存在差异。天冬氨酸蛋白酶2在人类样本中的表达显著降低（**p < 0.01），而天冬氨酸蛋白酶3在人类样本中的表达显著增加（*p < 0.05）。在某些情况下，光滑念珠菌、季也蒙毕赤酵母和热带念珠菌中这些基因的表达相似。不同来源的同一NAC物种中天冬氨酸蛋白酶2和天冬氨酸蛋白酶3基因的表达不同。
