Wang RuiZong, Wang Shan
Department of Pediatric Surgical Oncology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China.
National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing China.
Pediatr Discov. 2024 May 23;2(3):e61. doi: 10.1002/pdi3.61. eCollection 2024 Sep.
Recently, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as a novel and high-resolution technique for identifying cell types, states, and subpopulations. This technique enables researchers to uncover cellular heterogeneity and detect rare cell populations that might be indistinguishable in bulk RNA-seq data. The primary aim of scRNA-seq analysis is to investigate cellular heterogeneity and distinguish distinct cell types or states. scRNA-seq provides a detailed understanding of intercellular differences and diversity by obtaining gene expression data for each individual cell. Moreover, clustering methods in scRNA-seq can be used to group cells bring into subpopulations based on their gene expression patterns, thereby uncovering similarities and differences that assist in identifying and defining cell types. Newly discovered cell types can be validated and named by labeling known cell marker genes. Additionally, scRNA-seq helps in identifying genes specifically expressed at different developmental stages, in various tissue types, or under various disease states. Recently, there has been a growing trend in using single-cell transcriptome sequencing technology for neuroblastoma (NB) research. Through conducting a comprehensive review of relevant articles published thus far, our understanding of NB has been significantly enriched from three critical perspectives: differentiation trajectory, tumor heterogeneity, and immune microenvironment. Firstly, in exploring the differentiation trajectory of NB, we have summarized the tumor's origin and subsequent directions of differentiation. By elucidating a complete tumor differentiation pathway, we can enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying spontaneous tumor regression. Secondly, we have summarized the heterogeneity of tumors, which encompasses different states, cell morphologies, and characteristic genes of NB identified through single-cell sequencing technology. This consolidation of knowledge enhances our understanding of the heterogeneity of NB. Lastly, we have employed single-cell sequencing technology to analyze the immune microenvironment, focusing on the cellular components within the tumor's surrounding environment and the diverse states of immune cells. This valuable information contributes to the advancement of NB diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. In conclusion, the application of single-cell sequencing technology in NB research has significantly advanced our understanding of the disease and carries great significance.
最近，单细胞RNA测序（scRNA-seq）已成为一种用于识别细胞类型、状态和亚群的新颖且高分辨率的技术。该技术使研究人员能够揭示细胞异质性，并检测在批量RNA测序数据中可能无法区分的稀有细胞群体。scRNA-seq分析的主要目的是研究细胞异质性并区分不同的细胞类型或状态。scRNA-seq通过获取每个单个细胞的基因表达数据，提供了对细胞间差异和多样性的详细理解。此外，scRNA-seq中的聚类方法可用于根据细胞的基因表达模式将细胞分组为亚群，从而揭示有助于识别和定义细胞类型的异同。新发现的细胞类型可以通过标记已知的细胞标记基因进行验证和命名。此外，scRNA-seq有助于识别在不同发育阶段、各种组织类型或各种疾病状态下特异性表达的基因。最近，使用单细胞转录组测序技术进行神经母细胞瘤（NB）研究的趋势日益增长。通过对迄今为止发表的相关文章进行全面综述，我们从三个关键角度对NB的理解得到了显著丰富：分化轨迹、肿瘤异质性和免疫微环境。首先，在探索NB的分化轨迹时，我们总结了肿瘤的起源和随后的分化方向。通过阐明完整的肿瘤分化途径，我们可以增强对自发肿瘤消退潜在机制的理解。其次我们总结了肿瘤的异质性，其中包括通过单细胞测序技术鉴定的NB的不同状态、细胞形态和特征基因。这种知识的整合增强了我们对NB异质性的理解。最后，我们采用单细胞测序技术分析免疫微环境，重点关注肿瘤周围环境中的细胞成分和免疫细胞的不同状态。这些有价值的信息有助于NB诊断、治疗和预后的进展。总之，单细胞测序技术在NB研究中的应用显著推进了我们对该疾病的理解，并具有重要意义。
