Zhang Wenyuan, Ma Lihong, Xu Jiayu, Peng Yujie
National Research Center of Cultural Industries, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 8;15(1):24570. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-09764-8.
Immovable cultural heritages are nonrenewable and irreplaceable excellent cultural resources. With the help of the GIS spatial analysis method, Geodetector and location entropy, this paper explores the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of 1070 nationally and provincially designated immovable cultural heritage sites in Hubei, China. The physical geographical factors, historical and humanistic factors, and their explanatory power indexes are constructed, which provide a scientific quantitative analysis of influencing factors for the spatial distribution of cultural heritages. The results show that the kernel density distribution of immovable cultural heritages in Hubei Province is agglomeration, and Wuhan is the dominant nuclear. The number of cultural heritages in different historical periods is unevenly distributed. The average center of cultural heritages in each period was located in Jingshan. The spatial differentiation of these cultural heritages is affected by multiple factors. Among natural factors, topographic and geomorphic factors such as elevation and slope have a more significant effect, whereas among social and economic factors, the cultural atmosphere and the number of permanent residents have the most significant explanatory power. These findings may help local governments formulate more effective measures for the protection of immovable cultural heritages.
不可移动文物是不可再生、不可替代的优秀文化资源。本文借助地理信息系统（GIS）空间分析方法、地理探测器和区位熵，对中国湖北省1070处全国及省级不可移动文物保护单位的时空分布特征及影响因素进行了探究。构建了自然地理因素、历史人文因素及其解释力指标，为文化遗产空间分布的影响因素提供了科学的定量分析。结果表明，湖北省不可移动文物的核密度分布呈集聚状态，武汉市为主要核心。不同历史时期的文物数量分布不均衡。各时期文物的平均中心位于京山。这些文物的空间分异受多种因素影响。在自然因素中，海拔、坡度等地形地貌因素影响更为显著，而在社会经济因素中，文化氛围和常住人口数量的解释力最为显著。这些研究结果可能有助于地方政府制定更有效的不可移动文物保护措施。
