Misiak Błażej, Maciaszek Julian
Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2025 Jul 8. doi: 10.1007/s00127-025-02961-w.
Religiosity manifests in a variety of behaviors and activities that can be divided into intrinsic (IR), extrinsic organizational (EORG), and extrinsic non-organizational religiosity (ENORG). It has been shown that religiosity might be associated with the occurrence of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). However, the understanding of this association might be limited due to a lack of longitudinal studies addressing the effects of various religiosity types on the occurrence of PLEs. The present study aimed to explore the longitudinal associations of religiosity dimensions with PLEs.
A total of 5,099 general population individuals (aged 44.9 ± 15.4 years, 52.2% women) were assessed at baseline and reinvited for the follow-up assessment after 6- 7 months. Religiosity and PLEs were assessed using the Duke University Religion Index and Prodromal Questionnaire- Brief, respectively.
Individuals who completed assessments at both timepoints (n = 3,275) and non-completers (n = 1,824) did not differ significantly with respect to baseline characteristics. After adjustment for covariates (age, gender, the level of education, employment status, place of residence, social network size, substance use, psychiatric treatment history, depressive and anxiety symptoms), IR was bidirectionally associated with PLEs and related distress. Moreover, PLEs, together with associated distress, predicted higher levels of ENORG, but not its changes over time. However, observed associations showed small effect size estimates, especially in the case of ENORG. No significant associations were found for EORG.
Findings from the study indicate complex and rather bidirectional associations of more intimate dimensions of religiosity with PLEs.
宗教虔诚表现为多种行为和活动，可分为内在宗教性（IR）、外在组织性宗教性（EORG）和外在非组织性宗教性（ENORG）。研究表明，宗教虔诚可能与类精神病体验（PLEs）的发生有关。然而，由于缺乏针对不同宗教性类型对PLEs发生影响的纵向研究，对这种关联的理解可能有限。本研究旨在探讨宗教性维度与PLEs之间的纵向关联。
共有5099名普通人群个体（年龄44.9±15.4岁，女性占52.2%）在基线时接受评估，并在6 - 7个月后被再次邀请进行随访评估。分别使用杜克大学宗教指数和前驱症状问卷简版对宗教虔诚和PLEs进行评估。
在两个时间点都完成评估的个体（n = 3275）和未完成评估的个体（n = 1824）在基线特征方面没有显著差异。在对协变量（年龄、性别、教育程度、就业状况、居住地点、社交网络规模、物质使用、精神治疗史、抑郁和焦虑症状）进行调整后，IR与PLEs及其相关困扰呈双向关联。此外，PLEs及其相关困扰预测了更高水平的ENORG，但不是其随时间的变化。然而，观察到的关联显示效应量估计值较小，尤其是在ENORG的情况下。未发现EORG有显著关联。
该研究结果表明，宗教虔诚更密切的维度与PLEs之间存在复杂且相当双向的关联。
