Heng Xin, Li Fengping, Xie Dansheng, Wang Aimin, Liu Chunsheng, Yang Yi
School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China Hainan University Haikou China.
Zookeys. 2025 Jun 13;1241:247-260. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.139908. eCollection 2025.
The family Ostreidae (Mollusca, Bivalvia) is an important component of marine ecosystems. The unique location and marine environment of Hainan Island provide diverse habitats for oysters. However, in recent years, oyster resources of Hainan Island have been under severe threats due to environmental pollution and habitat destruction. To better protect and utilize these biological resources, this study conducted systematic identification of naturally distributed oysters on Hainan Island using DNA barcoding technology. The results revealed the presence of 17 lineages, belonging to 14 species of oysters. The interspecies genetic distances for the COI gene sequences ranged from 10.09% to 31.72%, with notable DNA barcode gaps observed between intra- and interspecies. Additionally, the interspecies genetic distances for the 28S rRNA gene sequences varied between 0.24% and 14.03%. The DNA barcoding analysis indicated the existence of cryptic lineages within (Born, 1778). Furthermore, the study highlighted that (Faustino, 1932) is the most prevalent and dominant species along the Hainan Island coastline, attributed to its ability to adapt to a wide range of salinity levels. When comparing the species diversity of oysters between the western and eastern coasts of Hainan Island, it was found to be higher on the western coast. This disparity is likely influenced by geographical factors and human activities. Specifically, the western coast, situated in the Beibu Gulf, benefits from relatively stable water quality and numerous river inflows, providing abundant phytoplankton and optimal growth conditions for oyster larvae. Conversely, the eastern coast experiences frequent human activities, such as aquaculture and tourism, which may contribute to the decline in species diversity in this region. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of the species diversity of oysters on Hainan Island and provides scientific evidence that is crucial for the development, protection, and sustainable utilization of these valuable oyster resources.
牡蛎科（软体动物门，双壳纲）是海洋生态系统的重要组成部分。海南岛独特的地理位置和海洋环境为牡蛎提供了多样的栖息地。然而，近年来，由于环境污染和栖息地破坏，海南岛的牡蛎资源受到严重威胁。为了更好地保护和利用这些生物资源，本研究利用DNA条形码技术对海南岛自然分布的牡蛎进行了系统鉴定。结果显示存在17个谱系，隶属于14种牡蛎。COI基因序列的种间遗传距离在10.09%至31.72%之间，种内和种间存在明显的DNA条形码间隙。此外，28S rRNA基因序列的种间遗传距离在0.24%至14.03%之间。DNA条形码分析表明在（博恩，1778年）内存在隐存谱系。此外，该研究强调（福斯蒂诺，1932年）是海南岛沿岸最普遍和占主导地位的物种，这归因于其能够适应广泛的盐度水平。比较海南岛东西海岸牡蛎的物种多样性时，发现西海岸的物种多样性更高。这种差异可能受地理因素和人类活动影响。具体而言，位于北部湾的西海岸水质相对稳定，河流入海口众多，为牡蛎幼虫提供了丰富的浮游植物和最佳生长条件。相反，东海岸人类活动频繁，如水产养殖和旅游业，这可能导致该地区物种多样性下降。总体而言，本研究增进了我们对海南岛牡蛎物种多样性的了解，并为这些宝贵牡蛎资源的开发、保护和可持续利用提供了至关重要的科学依据。
