Diaz Ortiz Laura L, Botero-Rozo David, Vargas Natalia, Ortiz Sandra, Restrepo Silvia, Vives Martha J
Centro de Investigaciones Microbiológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
Laboratorio de Micología y Fitopatología Uniandes, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2025 Jul 10:e0103825. doi: 10.1128/aem.01038-25.
The filamentous fungus is a microorganism capable of phenol degradation. Phenol is a petroleum-derived pollutant and a compound widely used in several industries. As a result of its widespread use, phenol is commonly discarded and accumulated in soils and water bodies. In this study, overexpressed and repressed genes that produce enzymes involved in phenol metabolism were identified in HDO1 when the fungus grows in the presence of phenol. The fungus was grown with either glucose (control) or phenol as the sole carbon source to achieve this. RNA from the mycelium was extracted and sequenced using the Illumina Hiseq-4000 platform, with paired-end libraries. Eighteen genes coding for enzymes related to catechol ortho-cleavage, catechol meta-cleavage, and hydroquinone pathways were annotated from the assembled transcriptome. In the differential gene expression analysis, 11 genes coding for phenol 2-monooxygenase, catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, 3-oxoadipate enol lactonase, hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase were overexpressed. In contrast, one gene coding for protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase was repressed. We show for the first time that phenol degradation in occurs through one of the catechol routes, the catechol-ortho ring cleavage pathway, and through the hydroquinone A pathway. These findings are important because they improve the understanding of how eukaryotic microorganisms with the potential for bioremediation degrade organic pollutants such as phenol.IMPORTANCEIn recent years, bioremediation has emerged as one of the solutions to eliminate pollutants from the environment. is one of the fungi capable of tolerating and degrading common pollutants such as phenol. This ability is of great interest as it highlights its potential for use, but also as an important eukaryotic model in contaminant metabolism. has been widely studied for its clinical significance, but little is yet known about its role in natural environments and its capacity for removing organic pollutants. Using previously published biochemical data together with our differential gene expression results, we validated and completed the proposed phenol metabolic pathways.
丝状真菌是一种能够降解苯酚的微生物。苯酚是一种源自石油的污染物，也是一种在多个行业广泛使用的化合物。由于其广泛使用，苯酚通常被丢弃并积累在土壤和水体中。在本研究中，当真菌在苯酚存在的情况下生长时，在HDO1中鉴定出了参与苯酚代谢的酶的过表达和抑制基因。为实现这一点，将真菌分别以葡萄糖（对照）或苯酚作为唯一碳源进行培养。从菌丝体中提取RNA，并使用Illumina Hiseq - 4000平台对配对末端文库进行测序。从组装的转录组中注释了18个编码与邻苯二酚邻位裂解、邻苯二酚间位裂解和对苯二酚途径相关酶的基因。在差异基因表达分析中，11个编码苯酚2 - 单加氧酶、邻苯二酚1,2 - 双加氧酶、3 - 氧代己二酸烯醇内酯酶、羟基对苯二酚1,2 - 双加氧酶和醛脱氢酶的基因过表达。相反，一个编码原儿茶酸3,4 - 双加氧酶的基因被抑制。我们首次表明，[具体真菌名称未提及]中的苯酚降解通过邻苯二酚途径之一，即邻苯二酚 - 邻位环裂解途径以及对苯二酚A途径进行。这些发现很重要，因为它们增进了我们对具有生物修复潜力的真核微生物如何降解苯酚等有机污染物的理解。
重要性
近年来，生物修复已成为从环境中消除污染物的解决方案之一。[具体真菌名称未提及]是能够耐受和降解苯酚等常见污染物的真菌之一。这种能力不仅凸显了其潜在用途，还使其成为污染物代谢中重要的真核模型，备受关注。[具体真菌名称未提及]因其临床意义已得到广泛研究，但对其在自然环境中的作用及其去除有机污染物的能力仍知之甚少。利用先前发表的生化数据以及我们的差异基因表达结果，我们验证并完善了所提出的苯酚代谢途径。
