男性腿部血管功能随年龄增长的变化：体力活动和耐力运动训练的影响
Leg vascular function with advancing age in men: the impact of physical activity and endurance exercise training.
作者信息
Wang Eivind, Rossman Matthew J, Groot H Jonathan, Garten Ryan S, Jarrett Catherine L, Helgerud Jan, Hoff Jan, Richardson Russell S
机构信息
Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Molde, Norway.
Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States.
出版信息
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2025 Aug 1;139(2):473-481. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00784.2024. Epub 2025 Jul 10.
Regular physical activity and endurance exercise training prevent age-related vascular endothelial dysfunction in the arm in men. However, the effects of physical activity and/or endurance exercise training in the legs, which have a greater predisposition for vascular disease, have not been completely elucidated. This study sought to examine the impact of aging, physical activity, and endurance exercise training on leg vascular function in men. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the superficial femoral and popliteal arteries (SFA and PA, respectively) was assessed in a total of 39 men, comprised of 10 young sedentary (Y; 23 ± 2 yr), 8 older sedentary (OS; 76 ± 8 yr), 9 older physically active (OA; 71 ± 8 yr), and 12 older endurance exercise trained (OT) subjects with exceptional aerobic exercise capacity (V̇o) for their age (70 ± 3 yr, V̇o = 53 ± 6 mL·kg·min). FMD was lower in the OS group compared with the Y in the SFA (Y: 4.3 ± 2.1%, OS: 1.7 ± 1.0%, = 0.005) and PA (Y: 5.8 ± 2.4%, OS: 1.9 ± 1.1%, < 0.05). SFA and PA FMD were not different from OS in the OA group (SFA: 2.8 ± 1.5%; PA: 1.6 ± 1.0%) but were higher than OS in the OT group (SFA: 3.4 ± 2.3%, = 0.043; PA: 4.2 ± 3.0%, = 0.025) and not different from Y. There was evidence of a moderate-strong correlation between SFA ( = 0.32, = 0.052) and PA (0.36, = 0.037) FMD and V̇o but not physical activity levels. These findings suggest that habitual physical activity in general, and endurance exercise training in particular, diminishes the detrimental effect of aging on lower limb vascular function in men, and this may be linked to an augmented V̇o. In the current study, we provide evidence of a relation between high levels of physical activity associated with lifelong endurance exercise training and protection from age-related declines in vascular endothelial function in the lower limb in men. Moreover, our findings suggest that aerobic fitness, in particular, may confer the benefits of endurance exercise training in maintaining lower limb endothelial function with advancing age.
规律的体育活动和耐力运动训练可预防男性手臂出现与年龄相关的血管内皮功能障碍。然而，体育活动和/或耐力运动训练对更易患血管疾病的腿部的影响尚未完全阐明。本研究旨在探讨衰老、体育活动和耐力运动训练对男性腿部血管功能的影响。对总共39名男性的股浅动脉和腘动脉（分别为SFA和PA）的血流介导的血管舒张（FMD）进行了评估，其中包括10名年轻久坐不动者（Y；23±2岁）、8名老年久坐不动者（OS；76±8岁）、9名老年体育活动者（OA；71±8岁）以及12名老年耐力运动训练者（OT），这些老年耐力运动训练者具有与其年龄（70±3岁，V̇o = 53±6 mL·kg·min）不相称的出色有氧运动能力。与Y组相比，OS组的SFA（Y组：4.3±2.1%，OS组：1.7±1.0%，P = 0.005）和PA（Y组：5.8±2.4%，OS组：1.9±1.1%，P < 0.05）的FMD较低。OA组的SFA和PA的FMD与OS组无差异（SFA：2.8±1.5%；PA：1.6±1.0%），但OT组的SFA和PA的FMD高于OS组（SFA：3.4±2.3%，P = 0.043；PA：4.2±3.0%，P = 0.025），且与Y组无差异。有证据表明SFA（r = 0.32，P = 0.052）和PA（r = 0.36，P = 0.037）的FMD与V̇o之间存在中度至强相关性，但与体育活动水平无关。这些发现表明，一般的习惯性体育活动，尤其是耐力运动训练，可减轻衰老对男性下肢血管功能的有害影响，这可能与V̇o的增加有关。在本研究中，我们提供了证据表明，与终身耐力运动训练相关的高水平体育活动与男性下肢血管内皮功能免受与年龄相关的衰退之间存在关联。此外，我们的研究结果表明，特别是有氧适能，可能在随着年龄增长维持下肢内皮功能方面带来耐力运动训练的益处。
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