Kopáčová Mária, Uhliariková Iveta, Pätoprstý Vladimír, Capek Peter
Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia; Analytical Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina Ilkovičova 6, SK-842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Carbohydr Res. 2025 Oct;556:109610. doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2025.109610. Epub 2025 Jul 5.
Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. (rosemary) is a worldwide known aromatic plant, commonly used in culinary and medicine for various healing effects due to lower molecular weight compounds, such as phenols and flavonoids. In this study, we report the isolation, chemical composition and structural properties of macromolecular components composed of polysaccharides, proteins and phenolics. Polymers were obtained from the leaves of the medicinal plant rosemary by sequential extraction with cold water, ammonium oxalate, 1 M and 4 M KOH solutions. Individual fractions differed in the content of carbohydrates, proteins and phenolics. It was found that the highest yield of all fractions was achieved with ammonium oxalate, while the 4 M KOH fraction showed the highest molecular weight. Based on the composition, it is evident that arabinogalactan is the main component of both the aqueous and 1 M KOH fractions, esterified pectin with arabinogalactan from the oxalate fraction, and hemicelluloses (xylan-related polymers) with low arabinogalactan content were identified in the 4 M KOH fraction. The DPPH radical scavenging activity assay revealed a significant effect of rosemary fractions. The aqueous and 1 M KOH fractions achieved antioxidant activity comparable to vitamin C at a concentration of 0.05 and 0.1 mg/mL, respectively, while the oxalate and 4 M KOH fractions reached maximum activity at tenfold higher concentrations.
迷迭香（Salvia rosmarinus Spenn.）是一种全球知名的芳香植物，因其含有酚类和黄酮类等低分子量化合物而具有多种治疗功效，常用于烹饪和医药领域。在本研究中，我们报告了由多糖、蛋白质和酚类组成的大分子成分的分离、化学组成和结构特性。通过用冷水、草酸铵、1 M和4 M KOH溶液依次萃取，从药用植物迷迭香叶中获得了聚合物。各个组分在碳水化合物、蛋白质和酚类的含量上有所不同。结果发现，草酸铵萃取得到的所有组分产量最高，而4 M KOH组分的分子量最高。基于组成成分，很明显阿拉伯半乳聚糖是水相和1 M KOH组分的主要成分，草酸铵组分中含有与阿拉伯半乳聚糖酯化的果胶，4 M KOH组分中鉴定出阿拉伯半乳聚糖含量较低的半纤维素（木聚糖相关聚合物）。DPPH自由基清除活性测定显示迷迭香组分具有显著效果。水相和1 M KOH组分在浓度分别为0.05和0.1 mg/mL时达到了与维生素C相当的抗氧化活性，而草酸铵和4 M KOH组分在浓度高出十倍时达到最大活性。
