Bhattacharya Manojit, Lo Yi-Hao, Chatterjee Srijan, Das Arpita, Wen Zhi-Hong, Chakraborty Chiranjib
Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore, Odisha 756020, India.
Department of Family Medicine, Zuoying Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81342, Taiwan.
Mol Ther Nucleic Acids. 2025 Jun 4;36(3):102586. doi: 10.1016/j.omtn.2025.102586. eCollection 2025 Sep 9.
The landscape of vaccine development was changed in the genomic era with the help of computer science. Computer-aided vaccine epitope selection has become a foundation of rational vaccine design. Similarly, artificial intelligence (AI) is quickly transforming the vaccine development landscape. Deep learning (DL), a subset of AI, is used in the landscape of vaccine development in terms of its algorithms, tools, and technologies. This review article discussed the developmental history of the modern era of vaccine development strategies using both immunoinformatics with DL models, identification strategies of T cell epitopes and B cell epitopes through immunoinformatics and DL models, vaccine constructs development strategies using linker and adjuvant, and characterization strategies of vaccine construct using bioinformatics and immunoinformatics. Similarly, the article discusses different tools and technologies, from epitope mapping and vaccine construct development to characterization. Again, it also highlighted recent paradigm shifts, DL-based strategies in vaccine development, and different DL-based tools used for epitope mapping and vaccine construct development. However, integrated frameworks connecting the bioinformatics and DL approaches are rapidly progressing, which are necessary for DL-assisted epitope prediction and the subsequent steps for vaccine development. DL-assisted vaccine development is rapid and cost-effective, changing the scenario of next-generation vaccine development very fast.
在计算机科学的帮助下，疫苗研发格局在基因组时代发生了变化。计算机辅助疫苗表位选择已成为合理疫苗设计的基础。同样，人工智能（AI）正在迅速改变疫苗研发格局。深度学习（DL）作为AI的一个子集，在疫苗研发格局中，从算法、工具到技术都有应用。这篇综述文章讨论了使用免疫信息学与DL模型的现代疫苗研发策略的发展历程，通过免疫信息学和DL模型鉴定T细胞表位和B细胞表位的策略，使用连接子和佐剂的疫苗构建体开发策略，以及使用生物信息学和免疫信息学对疫苗构建体进行表征的策略。同样，文章讨论了从表位作图、疫苗构建体开发到表征的不同工具和技术。此外，它还强调了最近的范式转变、疫苗研发中基于DL的策略，以及用于表位作图和疫苗构建体开发的不同基于DL的工具。然而，连接生物信息学和DL方法的综合框架正在迅速发展，这对于DL辅助表位预测和疫苗研发的后续步骤是必要的。DL辅助疫苗研发速度快且成本效益高，正在非常迅速地改变下一代疫苗研发的局面。
