Xu Jiayi, Du Huisha, Yu Junxuan, Wu Ruojun, Zhang Yu, Lu Qianxin, Jiang Xin, Zeng Bingwen, Li Tianhui, Chen Qing, Dai Ying-Chun
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Art & Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Front Microbiol. 2025 Jun 26;16:1567132. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1567132. eCollection 2025.
Zoonotic diseases pose a critical threat to global public health, with noroviruses (NoVs) increasingly recognized for their potential to cross species barriers. Traditionally, NoVs were considered host-specific; however, recent evidence suggests the possibility of interspecies transmission. This study investigates the zoonotic potential of porcine NoV (PorNoV) genotype GII.11, which shares high genetic similarity with human NoVs (HuNoVs), by detecting GII.11-specific IgG antibodies in humans and various animals using a Luciferase Immunosorbent Assay (LISA). Seroprevalence was observed in humans (15.2%), pigs (49.3%), dogs (30.6%), wild rats (9.5%), and bats (65.1%), marking the first detection of GII.11 PorNoV antibodies in humans and non-swine species. Bats exhibited the highest seropositivity and antibody levels [vs. humans ( = 0.0011) and pigs ( = 0.0164)], suggesting their potential role as reservoirs. These findings provide serological evidence for anthropozoonotic transmission, challenging the paradigm of strict host specificity in NoVs. Enhanced surveillance of PorNoV in animal reservoirs and high-risk human populations is needed to mitigate zoonotic spillover risks. Further research should aim to elucidate mechanisms of transmission and the clinical significance of cross-species NoVs exposure.
人畜共患疾病对全球公共卫生构成了重大威胁，诺如病毒（NoVs）因其跨越物种屏障的潜力而日益受到关注。传统上，诺如病毒被认为具有宿主特异性；然而，最近的证据表明存在种间传播的可能性。本研究通过使用荧光素酶免疫吸附测定法（LISA）检测人类和各种动物中GII.11特异性IgG抗体，调查了与人类诺如病毒（HuNoVs）具有高度遗传相似性的猪诺如病毒（PorNoV）基因型GII.11的人畜共患潜力。在人类（15.2%）、猪（49.3%）、狗（30.6%）、野生大鼠（9.5%）和蝙蝠（65.1%）中观察到血清阳性率，这是首次在人类和非猪物种中检测到GII.11猪诺如病毒抗体。蝙蝠表现出最高的血清阳性率和抗体水平[与人类相比（P = 0.0011）和猪相比（P = 0.0164）]，表明它们可能作为储存宿主。这些发现为人畜共患传播提供了血清学证据，挑战了诺如病毒严格宿主特异性的范式。需要加强对动物储存宿主和高风险人群中猪诺如病毒的监测，以降低人畜共患溢出风险。进一步研究应旨在阐明传播机制以及跨物种诺如病毒暴露的临床意义。
