Muragijimana Egide Freddy, Rutayisire Erigene
Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, Mount Kenya University, Kigali, Rwanda.
Rwanda J Med Health Sci. 2022 Jun 8;5(2):151-157. doi: 10.4314/rjmhs.v5i2.4. eCollection 2022 Jun.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is increasing globally, being among the leading cause of premature mortality. If no bold actions are taken, nine in ten persons diagnosed with diabetes will have T2DM by 2025.
This study aims at assessing socio-demographic characteristics and identify lifestyle factors associated with T2DM at Kibuye Referral Hospital.
Hospital-based case control study design was used. Food frequency, and global physical activity questionnaires adapted from WHO were used. SPSS v 23 was used for all research analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize categorical variables with help of frequencies and percentages. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with T2DM by computing odds ratio with corresponding 95% confidence interval. Logistic regression models using multivariate analysis with a significance level of 5% was used to establish the independent risk factors of T2DM by controlling the confounding variables.
Smoking, level of physical activity, low level of dietary diversity were associated with T2DM. The likelihood of developing T2DM among smokers was about 9 times more [AOR= 8.9; 95%CI=2.84-27.86; p<0.001] compared to non- smokers. Respondents with low level of physical activities were 8.1 times more likely to get T2DM than those with high or moderate physical activities [AOR= 8.1; 95%CI= 2.90-22.79; p<0.001]. Similarly, respondents with low level of dietary diversity score were 6 times more likely to developT2DM [AOR= 6.03; 95%CI= 1.67-21.80; p=0.006] compared to those with high level of dietary diversity score.
Lifestyle factors that showed strong association with T2DM can all be modified by public health interventions that are promoting physical activity, healthy lifestyle, and dietary diversity.
2型糖尿病（T2DM）在全球范围内呈上升趋势，是过早死亡的主要原因之一。如果不采取大胆行动，到2025年，每10名糖尿病患者中就有9人会患2型糖尿病。
本研究旨在评估基布耶转诊医院2型糖尿病患者的社会人口学特征，并确定与2型糖尿病相关的生活方式因素。
采用基于医院的病例对照研究设计。使用了根据世界卫生组织改编的食物频率和全球身体活动问卷。所有研究分析均使用SPSS v 23。描述性统计用于借助频率和百分比汇总分类变量。二元逻辑回归用于通过计算比值比及相应的95%置信区间来确定与2型糖尿病相关的因素。使用具有5%显著性水平的多变量分析的逻辑回归模型，通过控制混杂变量来确定2型糖尿病的独立危险因素。
吸烟、身体活动水平、饮食多样性低与2型糖尿病相关。与不吸烟者相比，吸烟者患2型糖尿病的可能性高出约9倍[AOR = 8.9；95%CI = 2.84 - 27.86；p < 0.001]。身体活动水平低的受访者患2型糖尿病的可能性是身体活动水平高或中等的受访者的8.1倍[AOR = 8.1；95%CI = 2.90 - 22.79；p < 0.001]。同样，与饮食多样性得分高的受访者相比，饮食多样性得分低的受访者患2型糖尿病的可能性高出6倍[AOR = 6.03；95%CI = 1.67 - 21.80；p = 0.006]。
与2型糖尿病有强烈关联的生活方式因素都可以通过促进身体活动、健康生活方式和饮食多样性公共卫生干预措施来改变。
