JiaYu Cui, Lili Song, Dawei Wang, ZhiLin Liu, Xin Zhang, Zelin Jia, Yuhang Zhang, Huisheng Xiong, Xueli Wang
College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China.
Department of Grassland Ecology and Animal Husbandry Veterinary Medicine, Xilingol Vocational College, Xilingol League, China.
Front Vet Sci. 2025 Jun 26;12:1558799. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1558799. eCollection 2025.
In many parts of the world, safe ruminant production underpins food security, while ruminant meat and milk are important agricultural commodities and a major source of protein requirements in the human diet. In order to maintain the sustainability of such agricultural products, animal production should be made more efficient through better management and production techniques. Ruminating animals such as cows and sheep have been used for the synthesis of dairy products, the production of high-quality meat, and the study of reproductive mechanisms. Using transcriptome technology in ruminant ecosystems has sped up the study of animal diversity under various feeding and production conditions. These studies have provided sufficient information to reduce farm pollution and improve farming efficiency. Transcriptome sequencing can be used to explore specific indicators at a deeper level, such as the content (high and low) and composition of intramuscular fat (IMF) in meat processing, the expression of DEG-related hormones, the regulation of bile acid concentration on fat precipitation, and the regulation of growth and meat quality properties in cattle and sheep. During the lactation stage of ruminants, transcriptome sequencing is used to screen for differentially expressed genes in blood tissue, which can identify candidate functional genes for milk production traits. Transcriptome sequencing can detect genes with low expression levels, identify new gene transcripts and alternative splicing events, detect and analyze the biological regulatory mechanisms of the body, reveal differences in gene expression levels during breeding, and reveal the interaction between hosts and pathogens. This sequencing technology can also help understand the immunobiological situation during infection. This paper reviews the current status of transcriptome sequencing and the application of transcriptome sequencing technology in ruminants, with a view to providing theoretical reference and basis for the better application of transcriptome sequencing technology in ruminant research.
在世界许多地区，安全的反刍动物生产是粮食安全的基础，而反刍动物的肉和奶是重要的农产品，也是人类饮食中蛋白质需求的主要来源。为了维持此类农产品的可持续性，应通过更好的管理和生产技术提高动物生产效率。牛和羊等反刍动物已被用于乳制品合成、优质肉类生产以及生殖机制研究。在反刍动物生态系统中使用转录组技术加快了对各种饲养和生产条件下动物多样性的研究。这些研究提供了足够的信息，以减少农场污染并提高养殖效率。转录组测序可用于更深入地探索特定指标，例如肉类加工中肌内脂肪（IMF）的含量（高和低）及组成、与差异表达基因（DEG）相关激素的表达、胆汁酸浓度对脂肪沉淀的调节以及牛羊生长和肉质特性的调节。在反刍动物的泌乳阶段，转录组测序用于筛选血液组织中的差异表达基因，从而识别产奶性状的候选功能基因。转录组测序可以检测低表达水平的基因，识别新的基因转录本和可变剪接事件，检测和分析机体的生物调节机制，揭示繁殖过程中基因表达水平的差异，并揭示宿主与病原体之间的相互作用。这种测序技术还有助于了解感染期间的免疫生物学情况。本文综述了转录组测序的现状以及转录组测序技术在反刍动物中的应用，以期为转录组测序技术在反刍动物研究中的更好应用提供理论参考和依据。
