Tokumaru Yoshihisa, Niwa Yoshimi, Mori Ryutaro, Okawa Mai, Nakakami Akira, Sato Yuta, Hatakeyama Hideyuki, Hirotsu Takaaki, di Luccio Eric, Matsuhashi Nobuhisa, Futamura Manabu
Department of Breast Surgery, Gifu University Hospital, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Gifu University Hospital, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
Cells. 2025 Jun 21;14(13):950. doi: 10.3390/cells14130950.
Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths despite advances in its diagnosis and treatment. Accurate evaluation of the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), especially in HER2-positive and triple-negative subtypes, is critical. The current methods, including imaging and liquid biopsies, have limitations. N-NOSE, a novel urine-based cancer screening test using () chemotaxis, offers a non-invasive alternative. This study investigates the potential of N-NOSE to predict the NAC response in breast cancer patients for improved treatment evaluations. This prospective study enrolled 36 breast cancer patients undergoing NAC and surgery to assess the predictive power of the N-NOSE method using urine samples. A chemotaxis analysis of was used to calculate the index reduction scores (IRS1-3), reflecting the changes in tumor-related odorants across the treatment stages. Between August 2020 and May 2023, 36 breast cancer patients were enrolled to evaluate the predictive value of N-NOSE IRSs for NAC response. A pathological complete response (pCR) was achieved in 36.1% of the patients. Among the three IRS types analyzed in the 35 patients, IRS3, which showed the IRS at pre-treatment minus that after surgery, showed the highest predictive performance for a pCR, with an AUC of 0.75, indicating its potential utility as a non-invasive biomarker for treatment response evaluations. Index reduction scores evaluated using the N-NOSE method may reflect the efficacy of NAC in breast cancer patients. Future large-scale and multi-institutional prospective studies are warranted.
尽管乳腺癌的诊断和治疗取得了进展，但它仍然是癌症相关死亡的主要原因。准确评估新辅助化疗（NAC）的反应，尤其是在HER2阳性和三阴性亚型中，至关重要。目前的方法，包括影像学和液体活检，都有局限性。N-NOSE是一种使用（）趋化性的新型尿液癌症筛查测试，提供了一种非侵入性的替代方法。本研究调查了N-NOSE预测乳腺癌患者NAC反应以改善治疗评估的潜力。这项前瞻性研究招募了36名接受NAC和手术的乳腺癌患者，以评估使用尿液样本的N-NOSE方法的预测能力。使用（）的趋化性分析来计算指数降低分数（IRS1-3），反映治疗阶段肿瘤相关气味剂的变化。在2020年8月至2023年5月期间，招募了36名乳腺癌患者来评估N-NOSE IRS对NAC反应的预测价值。36.1%的患者实现了病理完全缓解（pCR）。在分析的35名患者的三种IRS类型中，IRS3（显示为治疗前的IRS减去手术后的IRS）对pCR的预测性能最高，AUC为0.75，表明其作为治疗反应评估的非侵入性生物标志物的潜在效用。使用N-NOSE方法评估的指数降低分数可能反映了NAC在乳腺癌患者中的疗效。未来有必要进行大规模和多机构的前瞻性研究。
