The Interplay Between Autoimmune Disorders Affecting the Coagulation and Platelet Systems and Their Implications for Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review.

Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are chronic, heterogeneous conditions developing from an aberrant immune response, impacting particular organs or multiple systems. This systematic review attempted to investigate and evaluate the correlation between autoimmune diseases and cardiovascular disease (CVD), emphasizing immunological and pathophysiological mechanisms. A comprehensive search for relevant research was conducted on the PubMed, SCOPUS, and ScienceDirect databases, resulting in the identification of 28 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Of the cohort studies, 26 (92.8%) demonstrated a significant association between autoimmune diseases and increased cardiovascular risk. The major mechanisms include chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and immune cell dysregulation. Essential biological components, including T cells, B cells, and neutrophils, were identified as contributors to atherosclerotic processes through cytokine secretion, expression of adhesion molecules, and thrombogenic activity. In contrast, two studies (7.1%) found no statistically significant association. In conclusion, autoimmune diseases significantly increase cardiovascular risk through complicated immunological mechanisms. Comprehending these pathways could influence future therapeutic approaches to reduce cardiovascular complications in affected patients.