Xia Junyi, Zhang Zeyu, Weng Jinlong, Zhu Guanxiong, Xu Zidan, Zeng Liting, Pathak Janak Lal, Yu Lina
Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, People's Republic of China.
BMC Oral Health. 2025 Jul 11;25(1):1150. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06531-z.
Apoptotic extracellular vesicles (ApoEVs) derived from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are subcellular structures released during programmed cell death. These vesicles carry rich biological information and regulatory potential, and have demonstrated significance in regulating cell behavior and tissue repair. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are key to regenerating periodontal tissue, and their osteogenic differentiation ability directly influences the repair and reconstruction of periodontal bone tissue. However, the potential of ApoEVs derived from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs-ApoEVs) to regulate the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate the effects of hDPSCs-ApoEVs on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs, offering new insights and methods for treating periodontal bone tissue injuries, with important scientific and clinical implications.
hDPSCs-ApoEVs were isolated via ultracentrifugation and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Western blot. In vitro, hPDLSCs were treated with hDPSCs-ApoEVs to determine whether the vesicles could enter hPDLSCs and to assess the proliferation, migration, and osteogenic potential of hPDLSCs. In vivo, a rat periodontal bone defect model was established, with local injections of hDPSCs-ApoEVs or PBS administered every other day. After 6 weeks, the maxillae were collected and analyzed using micro-CT and histological staining.
In vitro, hDPSCs-ApoEVs promoted the migration and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. In vivo, treatment with hDPSCs-ApoEVs can enhance the recovery of periodontal bone defects in rats.
hDPSCs-ApoEVs play a significant role in promoting bone regeneration, suggesting their potential as a promising cell-free therapeutic strategy for periodontal bone tissue regeneration.
源自人牙髓干细胞（hDPSCs）的凋亡细胞外囊泡（ApoEVs）是程序性细胞死亡过程中释放的亚细胞结构。这些囊泡携带丰富的生物学信息和调节潜能，已证明在调节细胞行为和组织修复方面具有重要意义。人牙周膜干细胞（hPDLSCs）是牙周组织再生的关键，其成骨分化能力直接影响牙周骨组织的修复与重建。然而，源自人牙髓干细胞的凋亡细胞外囊泡（hDPSCs-ApoEVs）调节hPDLSCs成骨分化的潜能尚未得到探索。本研究旨在探讨hDPSCs-ApoEVs对hPDLSCs成骨分化的影响，为治疗牙周骨组织损伤提供新的见解和方法，具有重要的科学和临床意义。
通过超速离心分离hDPSCs-ApoEVs，并采用透射电子显微镜（TEM）、动态光散射（DLS）和蛋白质免疫印迹法进行表征。在体外，用hDPSCs-ApoEVs处理hPDLSCs，以确定囊泡是否能进入hPDLSCs，并评估hPDLSCs的增殖、迁移和成骨潜能。在体内，建立大鼠牙周骨缺损模型，每隔一天局部注射hDPSCs-ApoEVs或PBS。6周后，收集上颌骨并使用显微CT和组织学染色进行分析。
在体外，hDPSCs-ApoEVs促进了hPDLSCs的迁移和成骨分化。在体内，hDPSCs-ApoEVs治疗可增强大鼠牙周骨缺损的恢复。
hDPSCs-ApoEVs在促进骨再生中发挥重要作用，表明其作为牙周骨组织再生的一种有前景的无细胞治疗策略的潜力。
