Jiménez-Peláez Claudia C, Fernández-Aparicio Ángel, Montero-Alonso Miguel A, González-Jiménez Emilio
Hospital de Alta Resolución de Alcaudete, Cam. Viejo de la Fuensanta, 2, 23660 Jaén, Spain.
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
Nutrients. 2025 Jun 20;17(13):2051. doi: 10.3390/nu17132051.
Bacground/Objectives: Obesity in adolescents is escalating, accompanied by comorbidities such as insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease, which favor the early onset of metabolic syndrome (MetS). There is an urgent need for effective interventions to prevent and treat MetS. We aimed to analyze intervention studies targeting lifestyle improvements in adolescents with obesity. We also determined the effect of combining dietary and/or physical activity interventions with educational, psychological, and emotional support-based interventions compared to traditional interventions in preventing MetS in adolescents with obesity.
The PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Scopus databases were consulted. Ten clinical trials were included in the systematic review, of which six were eligible for the meta-analysis.
Combined interventions significantly decreased body weight (-1.10 [-1.64, -0.55], < 0.001). Although not statistically significant improvements were observed in the meta-analysis for zBMI and waist circumference. The results indicate that diet- and exercise-based interventions are associated with a further decrease in body composition and non-anthropometric variables associated with MetS when combined with educational, psychological, and behavioral interventions.
Some studies suggest potential long-term benefits, but further research is necessary to define effective interventions for improving body composition and preventing MetS in obese adolescents, addressing the inconsistencies in current clinical trials. Systematic Review Registration (PROSPERO CRD42023463428).
背景/目的：青少年肥胖问题日益严重，同时伴有胰岛素抵抗和心血管疾病等合并症，这些因素促使代谢综合征（MetS）过早发病。迫切需要有效的干预措施来预防和治疗MetS。我们旨在分析针对肥胖青少年改善生活方式的干预研究。我们还确定了与传统干预措施相比，将饮食和/或体育活动干预与基于教育、心理和情感支持的干预相结合，在预防肥胖青少年MetS方面的效果。
查阅了PubMed、Cochrane、Web of Science、CINAHL和Scopus数据库。系统评价纳入了10项临床试验，其中6项符合荟萃分析的条件。
联合干预显著降低了体重（-1.10 [-1.64, -0.55]，P<0.001）。尽管在荟萃分析中，zBMI和腰围未观察到具有统计学意义的改善。结果表明，当饮食和运动干预与教育、心理和行为干预相结合时，与MetS相关的身体成分和非人体测量变量会进一步降低。
一些研究表明可能存在长期益处，但需要进一步研究来确定改善肥胖青少年身体成分和预防MetS的有效干预措施，以解决当前临床试验中的不一致问题。系统评价注册（PROSPERO CRD42023463428）。
