Donato Marisa, Capalbo Antonio, Morizio Elisena, Fratini Rosa Maria, Pilenzi Lucrezia, D'Antonio Francesco, Stuppia Liborio, Vitacolonna Ester, Gatta Valentina, Konstantinidou Fani
Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
Nutrients. 2025 Jun 25;17(13):2101. doi: 10.3390/nu17132101.
Infertility is a growing global phenomenon affecting millions of individuals and is characterized by multifactorial causes, including both lifestyle and environmental factors. These include smoking, chronic exposure to environmental pollutants, stress, excessive caffeine or alcohol intake, drug use, improper eating habits and physical inactivity. The potential to modify these behaviors has gained increasing interest due to its impact on reproductive health and its role in mitigating infertility. Preconception counseling has also emerged as a fundamental strategy, providing education and risk assessments to improve pregnancy outcomes. Among lifestyle factors, nutrition, body composition and physical activity significantly influence female fertility, emphasizing the strong connection between metabolism and reproductive function. Supplementation with anti-inflammatory nutrients, such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (-3 PUFAs), a key component of the Mediterranean diet, may offer benefits for female fertility, partially through the modulation of gene expression in reproductive tissues. However, the specific mechanisms linking diet and fertility remain unclear. The primary objective of this review is to explore how the modification of selected lifestyle factors, with particular reference to dietary habits, may positively influence the female reproductive system and improve fertility and pregnancy-related outcomes.
不孕症是一个日益全球化的现象，影响着数百万人，其病因是多方面的，包括生活方式和环境因素。这些因素包括吸烟、长期接触环境污染物、压力、过量摄入咖啡因或酒精、药物使用、不良饮食习惯以及缺乏体育锻炼。由于其对生殖健康的影响以及在缓解不孕症方面的作用，改变这些行为的可能性越来越受到关注。孕前咨询也已成为一项基本策略，提供教育和风险评估以改善妊娠结局。在生活方式因素中，营养、身体成分和体育活动对女性生育能力有显著影响，这凸显了新陈代谢与生殖功能之间的紧密联系。补充抗炎营养素，如地中海饮食的关键成分ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸（-3 PUFAs），可能对女性生育能力有益，部分原因是通过调节生殖组织中的基因表达。然而，饮食与生育能力之间的具体机制仍不清楚。本综述的主要目的是探讨改变某些生活方式因素，特别是饮食习惯，如何可能对女性生殖系统产生积极影响，并改善生育能力和与妊娠相关的结局。
