Liu Chang, Ahmad Naveed, Tao Ye, Hussain Hamad, Chang Yue, Umar Abdul Wakeel, Liu Xiuming
College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
Institute for Safflower Industry Research of Shihezi University/Pharmacy College of Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, Shihezi 832003, China.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Jun 23;14(13):1928. doi: 10.3390/plants14131928.
Hairy root cultures induced by () provide a sustainable approach to meet the growing demand for economically valuable plant-derived compounds in the face of depleting natural resources. These cultures exhibit rapid, hormone-independent growth and genetic stability, making them viable for producing bioactive compounds, plant-specialized metabolites, and recombinant proteins. However, challenges remain in optimizing large-scale production, improving bioreactor efficiency, and enhancing metabolite synthesis across different plant species. This review addresses these challenges by exploring the mechanisms behind the induction of hairy root cultures, their applications in genetic and metabolic engineering, and their potential in environmental remediation. The review further highlights recent advances in biotechnology and illustrates how the hairy root system can sustainably meet industrial, pharmaceutical, and agricultural needs. In addition, by pointing out essential research areas such as optimizing culture conditions, increasing metabolite yields, and scaling up production, this work strengthens the significance of hairy root cultures in meeting the demand for high-value products while ensuring sustainable resource utilization. In particular, the integration of hairy root systems with advanced genomic tools such as transcriptomics and CRISPR technology holds immense potential for accelerating pathway-specific metabolic engineering, enhancing biosynthetic flux, and expanding their applications in sustainable agriculture and pharmaceutical innovation. This convergence is expected to drive substantial economic value by optimizing the production of high-value bioactive compounds, improving crop resilience, and facilitating precision medicine. Future work involving systems and synthetic biology will be instrumental in unlocking novel functions and ensuring broader deployment of hairy root cultures across industrial biotechnological platforms.
（）诱导产生的毛状根培养物提供了一种可持续的方法，以应对自然资源日益枯竭的情况下对具有经济价值的植物源化合物不断增长的需求。这些培养物表现出快速、激素非依赖性生长和遗传稳定性，使其适用于生产生物活性化合物、植物特化代谢产物和重组蛋白。然而，在优化大规模生产、提高生物反应器效率以及增强不同植物物种的代谢物合成方面仍然存在挑战。本综述通过探索毛状根培养物诱导背后的机制、它们在遗传和代谢工程中的应用以及它们在环境修复中的潜力来应对这些挑战。该综述进一步强调了生物技术的最新进展，并说明了毛状根系统如何可持续地满足工业、制药和农业需求。此外，通过指出优化培养条件、提高代谢物产量和扩大生产规模等关键研究领域，这项工作强化了毛状根培养物在满足高价值产品需求同时确保可持续资源利用方面的重要性。特别是，将毛状根系统与转录组学和CRISPR技术等先进基因组工具相结合，在加速途径特异性代谢工程、增强生物合成通量以及扩大其在可持续农业和药物创新中的应用方面具有巨大潜力。这种融合有望通过优化高价值生物活性化合物的生产、提高作物抗逆性和促进精准医学来推动巨大的经济价值。涉及系统和合成生物学的未来工作将有助于解锁新功能，并确保毛状根培养物在工业生物技术平台上得到更广泛的应用。
