Choukri Hasnae, Aloui Khawla, El Haddad Noureddine, Hejjaoui Kamal, Smouni Abdelaziz, Kumar Shiv
Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et de Physiologie Végétales, Faculté des Sciences, Centre de Recherche BioBio, University Mohammed V, Rabat 10014, Morocco.
International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat 10112, Morocco.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Jul 1;14(13):2019. doi: 10.3390/plants14132019.
Lentil ( Medikus) is a critical food crop offering high protein and essential micronutrients. However, its productivity and nutritional quality are increasingly threatened by climate change. In this study, 36 lentil genotypes were evaluated across two Moroccan locations under normal, heat stress, and combined heat and drought stresses. Significant effects of genotype, environment, and their interactions were observed on seed yield, seed size, cooking time, and nutritional quality. Heat and drought stresses caused substantial reductions in seed yield (up to 40% under combined stress), protein content, iron, and zinc concentration, and increased phytic acid levels, which negatively impacted iron and zinc bioavailability. Cooking time significantly decreased under stress conditions, with up to 54% reduction under combined heat and drought stresses at Annoceur research station. Correlation analysis revealed complex trade-offs among yield, nutritional quality, and cooking traits under stress conditions. Principal component analysis and GGE biplot analyses identified genotypes with superior yield, micronutrient concentration, and cooking time stability across environments. Genotypes such as G32, G3, and G36 combined high iron and zinc levels; G13 and G30 showed low phytic acid, while G 15 exhibited the shortest cooking time. These genotypes also demonstrated adaptability across the tested environment. This study highlights the potential of selecting climate-resilient, nutrient-dense lentil genotypes to support breeding efforts aimed at improving food security in the face of global climate variability. These genotypes can be suggested as elite climate-resilient parental lines to support breeders in enhancing lentil yield, nutritional quality, and stability under multiple stress conditions.
小扁豆（Medikus）是一种重要的粮食作物，富含高蛋白和必需的微量营养素。然而，其生产力和营养品质正日益受到气候变化的威胁。在本研究中，对36个小扁豆基因型在摩洛哥的两个地点进行了评估，试验条件包括正常、热胁迫以及热旱复合胁迫。研究观察到基因型、环境及其相互作用对种子产量、种子大小、烹饪时间和营养品质有显著影响。热胁迫和干旱胁迫导致种子产量大幅下降（复合胁迫下高达40%）、蛋白质含量、铁和锌浓度降低，植酸水平升高，这对铁和锌的生物有效性产生了负面影响。在胁迫条件下，烹饪时间显著缩短，在阿诺瑟尔研究站的热旱复合胁迫下，烹饪时间最多减少了54%。相关性分析揭示了胁迫条件下产量、营养品质和烹饪特性之间复杂的权衡关系。主成分分析和GGE双标图分析确定了在不同环境下具有优异产量、微量营养素浓度和烹饪时间稳定性的基因型。例如，G32、G3和G36基因型结合了高铁和锌水平；G13和G30基因型的植酸含量较低，而G15基因型的烹饪时间最短。这些基因型在测试环境中也表现出适应性。本研究强调了选择具有气候适应性、营养丰富的小扁豆基因型的潜力，以支持旨在应对全球气候变化提高粮食安全的育种工作。这些基因型可作为优良的气候适应性亲本系，帮助育种者提高小扁豆在多种胁迫条件下的产量、营养品质和稳定性。
