Tong Tao, Zeng Fanrong, Ye Shuzhen, Ji Zhijuan, Wang Yanli, Chen Zhong-Hua, Ouyang Younan
China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China.
MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Jul 3;14(13):2035. doi: 10.3390/plants14132035.
Aquaporins in rice ( L.) represent a pivotal class of transmembrane channel proteins that mediate the bidirectional transport of water and small solutes, which have critical functions in cellular osmoregulation and ion homeostasis maintenance. Their evolutionary diversity and functional plasticity constitute fundamental mechanisms underlying the adaptive responses to diversified environmental challenges. This review systematically summarizes rice AQPs' evolutionary origins, structural characteristics, and spatiotemporal expression patterns under both physiological and stress conditions, highlighting the high conservation of their key functional domains across evolution and their environment-driven functional diversification. The molecular mechanisms governing AQPs in water utilization, nutrient uptake, and stress responses are unraveled. Furthermore, the potential of precision gene editing and multi-omics integration is discussed to decipher the intricate relationships between AQP evolutionary history, environmental adaptability, and functional specialization, thereby providing a theoretical basis for advancing crop stress resistance and high-quality breeding.
水稻中的水通道蛋白是一类关键的跨膜通道蛋白，介导水和小分子溶质的双向运输，在细胞渗透调节和离子稳态维持中发挥着关键作用。它们的进化多样性和功能可塑性构成了对多样化环境挑战的适应性反应的基本机制。本文系统总结了水稻水通道蛋白在生理和胁迫条件下的进化起源、结构特征和时空表达模式，强调了其关键功能域在进化过程中的高度保守性以及环境驱动的功能多样化。揭示了水通道蛋白在水分利用、养分吸收和胁迫响应中的分子调控机制。此外，还讨论了精准基因编辑和多组学整合在解析水通道蛋白进化历史、环境适应性和功能特化之间复杂关系方面的潜力，从而为提高作物抗逆性和优质育种提供理论依据。
