García-García David, Pérez-Rivas Francisco Javier, Gómez-Gascón Tomás, Blázquez Milagros Rico, Cabeza Marianela Bayón, Cortés Susana Belmonte, Domínguez-Bidagor Julia, Jiménez-González Jennifer
Grupo de Investigación UCM "Salud Pública-Estilos de Vida, Metodología Enfermera y Cuidados en el Entorno Comunitario", Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Programa de Doctorado 'Cuidados en Salud', Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Healthcare (Basel). 2025 Jun 30;13(13):1564. doi: 10.3390/healthcare13131564.
The impact that lifestyle has on someone's health has been widely proven. And the lifestyle can also be highly influenced by the sociodemographic background; however, there is less literature that focuses on this matter. Hence, the objective of the present study is to analyze the influence of sociodemographic variables on the lifestyle of the adult population. A cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted in 20 health centers of the Community of Madrid (Spain). A total of 365 participants were scheduled for nursing consultations and recruited through systematic probabilistic sampling. Lifestyle was assessed using the "Ponte a 100" questionnaire; based on the total score achieved by the participants, these were categorized into four groups depending on their need to adopt healthier lifestyle habits: minimal need (80-100 points), mild need (60-79 points), moderate need (40-59 points), and high need (<39 points). : Values ranged from 23 to 98 points in the Lifestyle Index (ISEV), with an average of 71.8 (SD = 14.6 points). Older individuals had better eating habits (β = -1.982), while younger individuals had better physical activity habits and a higher consumption of toxic substances. Men consumed more alcohol (β = -2.307) and felt happier with their lives, while women took more active breaks. Being a student was associated with higher levels of stress and anxiety, lower physical activity and leisure time, and higher alcohol consumption. Retirees had better emotional well-being indices (β = 0.999). Lower income levels were associated with occasional drug use and poorer emotional well-being. People with university degrees had better emotional states (β = 0.861) and better eating habits (β = 1.652) and engaged in more intense physical activity. Having no chronic diseases was related to being more physically active (β = 1.789). : The study population generally presents a healthy lifestyle. The dimension of emotional well-being was the most influenced by sociodemographic factors. This study contributes to understanding the impact of socioeconomic variables on lifestyle.
生活方式对一个人健康的影响已得到广泛证实。而且生活方式也会受到社会人口背景的极大影响；然而，关注这一问题的文献较少。因此，本研究的目的是分析社会人口变量对成年人群生活方式的影响。在西班牙马德里自治区的20个健康中心进行了一项横断面多中心研究。通过系统概率抽样安排了365名参与者进行护理咨询并招募他们。使用“Ponte a 100”问卷对生活方式进行评估；根据参与者获得的总分，根据他们采用更健康生活方式习惯的需求将其分为四组：需求最小（80 - 100分）、需求轻微（60 - 79分）、需求中等（40 - 59分）和需求高（<39分）。生活方式指数（ISEV）的值在23至98分之间，平均为71.8（标准差 = 14.6分）。年龄较大的个体饮食习惯更好（β = -1.982），而年龄较小的个体体育活动习惯更好且有毒物质消费量更高。男性饮酒量更多（β = -2.307）且对生活更满意，而女性进行更多的主动休息。学生身份与更高的压力和焦虑水平、更低的体育活动和休闲时间以及更高的酒精消费量相关。退休人员的情绪健康指数更好（β = 0.999）。较低的收入水平与偶尔吸毒和较差的情绪健康相关。拥有大学学位的人情绪状态更好（β = 0.861）、饮食习惯更好（β = 1.652）且进行更剧烈的体育活动。没有慢性病与更积极的身体活动相关（β = 1.78）。研究人群总体呈现出健康的生活方式。情绪健康维度受社会人口因素的影响最大。本研究有助于理解社会经济变量对生活方式的影响。
