Zhou Guorong, Hashemi Faeze, Ding Changzeng, Luo Xin, Zhang Lianping, Sheibani Esmaeil, Luo Qun, Jumabekov Askhat N, Österbacka Ronald, Xu Bo, Ma Changqi
i-Lab & Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ruoshui Road 398, Suzhou 215123, China.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2025 Jul 1;15(13):1014. doi: 10.3390/nano15131014.
In recent years, inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered widespread attention due to their high compatibility, excellent stability, and potential for low-temperature manufacturing. However, most of the current research has primarily focused on the surface passivation of perovskite. In contrast, the buried interface significantly influences the crystal growth quality of perovskite, but it is difficult to effectively control, leading to relatively slow research progress. To address the issue of poor interfacial contact between the hole transport-layer nickel oxide (NiOX) and the perovskite, we introduced a conjugated self-assembled monolayer (SAM), 4,4'-[(4-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazole)triphenylamine)]diphenylacetic acid (XS21), which features triphenylamine dicarboxylate groups. For comparison, we also employed the widely studied phosphonic acid-based SAM, [2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl] phosphonic acid (MeO-2PACz). A systematic investigation was carried out to evaluate the influence of these SAMs on the performance and stability of inverted PSCs. The results show that both XS21 and MeO-2PACz significantly enhanced the crystallinity of the perovskite layer, reduced defect densities, and suppressed non-radiative recombination. These improvements led to more efficient hole extraction and transport at the buried interface. Consequently, inverted PSCs incorporating XS21 and MeO-2PACz achieved impressive power-conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 21.43% and 22.43%, respectively, along with marked enhancements in operational stability.
近年来，倒置钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）因其高兼容性、出色的稳定性以及低温制造潜力而受到广泛关注。然而，目前大多数研究主要集中在钙钛矿的表面钝化上。相比之下，埋入界面显著影响钙钛矿的晶体生长质量，但难以有效控制，导致研究进展相对缓慢。为了解决空穴传输层氧化镍（NiOX）与钙钛矿之间界面接触不良的问题，我们引入了一种共轭自组装单分子层（SAM），即4,4'-[(4-(3,6-二甲氧基-9H-咔唑)三苯胺)]二苯基乙酸（XS21），其具有三苯胺二羧酸酯基团。为了进行比较，我们还使用了广泛研究的基于膦酸的SAM，[2-(3,6-二甲氧基-9H-咔唑-9-基)乙基]膦酸（MeO-2PACz）。进行了系统研究以评估这些SAM对倒置PSC性能和稳定性的影响。结果表明，XS21和MeO-2PACz均显著提高了钙钛矿层的结晶度，降低了缺陷密度，并抑制了非辐射复合。这些改进导致在埋入界面处实现了更有效的空穴提取和传输。因此，包含XS21和MeO-2PACz的倒置PSC分别实现了令人印象深刻的21.43%和22.43%的功率转换效率（PCE），同时在操作稳定性方面也有显著提高。
