Pyrolysis of Rice Husk for the Production of Bioactive Compounds with Potential in Green Chemistry and Sustainable Agriculture.

The objective of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of the obtained products, as well as the antioxidant activity and bio-stimulant potential of the liquid fractions. The biomass was subjected to pyrolysis in a pilot-scale reactor, followed by distillation of the pyroligneous liquid to separate volatile compounds and enrich bioactive fractions. The samples were analysed by FTIR, TGA/DTG, and GC-MS. Antioxidant activities were assessed through DPPH, FRAP, and total phenolic content assays, while the bio-stimulant potential was evaluated through germination and growth tests of lettuce and arugula seeds. The results showed that the distilled fraction had lower acidity, greater chemical stability, and high antioxidant activity, with the presence of industrially valuable compounds such as methoxylated phenols and furfural. Furthermore, application of the distilled liquid at 0.1% concentration stimulated early seedling development-especially in arugula-while higher concentrations demonstrated inhibitory effects. These findings show that distillation of pyroligneous liquid is an effective strategy to enhance its bioactive properties, enabling its use as a natural antioxidant and plant bio-stimulant.