Binaymotlagh Roya, Chronopoulou Laura, Palocci Cleofe
Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Research Center for Applied Sciences to the Safeguard of Environment and Cultural Heritage (CIABC), Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Jun 23;18(13):2978. doi: 10.3390/ma18132978.
Bio-nanocomposites represent an advanced class of materials that combine the unique properties of nanomaterials with biopolymers, enhancing mechanical, electrical and thermal properties while ensuring biodegradability, biocompatibility and sustainability. These materials are gaining increasing attention, particularly in biomedical applications, due to their ability to interact with biological systems in ways that conventional materials cannot. Graphene and graphene oxide (GO), two of the most well-known nanocarbon-based materials, have garnered substantial interest in bio-nanocomposite research because of their extraordinary properties such as high surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, mechanical strength and biocompatibility. The integration of graphene-based nanomaterials within biopolymers, such as polysaccharides and proteins, forms a new class of bio-nanocomposites that can be tailored for a wide range of biological applications. This review explores the synthesis methods, properties and biotechnological applications of graphene-based bio-nanocomposites, with a particular focus on polysaccharide-based and protein-based composites. Emphasis is placed on the biotechnological potential of these materials, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound healing, antimicrobial activities and industrial food applications. Additionally, biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid, hyaluronic acid and polyethylene glycol, which play a crucial role in biotechnological applications, will be discussed.
生物纳米复合材料是一类先进的材料，它将纳米材料的独特性能与生物聚合物相结合，在确保生物可降解性、生物相容性和可持续性的同时，增强了机械、电学和热学性能。由于这些材料能够以传统材料无法做到的方式与生物系统相互作用，它们在生物医学应用中尤其受到越来越多的关注。石墨烯和氧化石墨烯（GO）是两种最著名的基于纳米碳的材料，由于它们具有诸如高表面积、优异的导电性、机械强度和生物相容性等非凡特性，在生物纳米复合材料研究中引起了极大的兴趣。将基于石墨烯的纳米材料与多糖和蛋白质等生物聚合物整合，形成了一类新型的生物纳米复合材料，可针对广泛的生物应用进行定制。本综述探讨了基于石墨烯的生物纳米复合材料的合成方法、性能和生物技术应用，特别关注基于多糖和基于蛋白质的复合材料。重点介绍了这些材料的生物技术潜力，包括药物递送、组织工程、伤口愈合、抗菌活性和工业食品应用。此外，还将讨论在生物技术应用中起关键作用的可生物降解聚合物，如聚乳酸、透明质酸和聚乙二醇。
