Ozdemir Gizem D, Dos Anjos Carolina, Ozdemir Mehmet A, Leanse Leon G, Dai Tianhong
Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2025 Sep;224:115654. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2025.115654. Epub 2025 Jul 10.
The rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to global health, as traditional antimicrobials are increasingly losing efficacy against a broad spectrum of pathogens. Antimicrobial blue light (aBL), an innovative light-based approach that utilizes wavelengths between 405 and 470 nm, has emerged as a prominent alternative. Unlike conventional antimicrobials, aBL inactivates microorganisms without promoting resistance by targeting endogenous chromophores within pathogens to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). This review first provides an in-depth analysis of aBL's mechanisms of action, highlighting its unique ROS-driven effects on microbial membranes, DNA, and proteins. Moreover, we discussed recent developments in aBL's applications across bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens and evaluated its effectiveness in biofilm eradication and combinational therapies with conventional antimicrobials as well as with multimodal innovations. This review also examines the safety and regulatory considerations associated with aBL. While aBL holds tremendous potential, challenges remain in its clinical translation, including optimizing dosages, ensuring safety in complex biological systems, and advancing device design. Future research must address these gaps to facilitate the clinical translation of aBL and expand its role in combating resistant infections.
抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）的出现对全球健康构成了重大威胁，因为传统抗菌药物对广泛病原体的疗效日益降低。抗菌蓝光（aBL）作为一种创新的光基方法，利用405至470纳米之间的波长，已成为一种突出的替代方案。与传统抗菌药物不同，aBL通过靶向病原体内部的内源性发色团产生活性氧（ROS）来灭活微生物，而不会促进耐药性。本综述首先深入分析了aBL的作用机制，强调了其对微生物膜、DNA和蛋白质独特的ROS驱动效应。此外，我们讨论了aBL在细菌、病毒和真菌病原体应用方面的最新进展，并评估了其在生物膜根除以及与传统抗菌药物和多模式创新联合治疗中的有效性。本综述还探讨了与aBL相关的安全性和监管考量。虽然aBL具有巨大潜力，但其临床转化仍面临挑战，包括优化剂量、确保在复杂生物系统中的安全性以及改进设备设计。未来研究必须填补这些空白，以促进aBL的临床转化，并扩大其在对抗耐药感染中的作用。
