Alshahrani Tariq H, Al-Wathinani Ahmed M, Alobaid Abdullah M, Althunayyan Saqer M, Abahussain Mohammed A, Alhazmi Riyadh A, Mohammad Murad S, Alwassel Alshamoos A, Goniewicz Krzysztof, Mobrad Abdulmajeed M
Department of Emergency Medical Services, Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz College for Emergency Medical Services, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Accidents and Trauma Department, Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz College for Emergency Medical Services, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Postepy Kardiol Interwencyjnej. 2025 Jun 4;21(2):191-202. doi: 10.5114/aic.2025.151826. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major global cause of mortality, with survival heavily dependent on early intervention. Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) improves survival rates but remains underutilized in many regions, including Saudi Arabia. Understanding its impact on OHCA survival is crucial for optimizing emergency response efforts.
This study evaluated the effect of bystander CPR on OHCA survival across Saudi Arabia's 13 regions and identified regional disparities.
A retrospective observational study analyzed Saudi Red Crescent Authority (SRCA) OHCA data from January 1 to June 30, 2024. Key variables included bystander CPR, patient demographics, initial cardiac rhythm, response time, and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Multivariable logistic regression was adjusted for confounders.
Bystander CPR was performed in 12.0% of OHCA cases. ROSC occurred in 12.6%, with higher survival among those receiving bystander CPR (17.6%) versus those who did not (12.0%) ( < 0.001). However, after adjusting for confounders such as witnessed status, mechanical CPR use, and response time, bystander CPR was not independently linked to increased survival. Regional disparities were evident, with Riyadh reporting the highest bystander CPR rate (26.4%), while several regions had rates below 5%.
While bystander CPR improved ROSC rates, its independent effect on survival was not significant. These findings underscore the need for expanded CPR training, improved EMS response times, and targeted interventions to enhance OHCA survival in Saudi Arabia.
院外心脏骤停（OHCA）是全球主要的死亡原因，其生存率在很大程度上依赖于早期干预。旁观者心肺复苏（CPR）可提高生存率，但在包括沙特阿拉伯在内的许多地区，其使用率仍然较低。了解其对OHCA生存率的影响对于优化应急响应工作至关重要。
本研究评估了旁观者心肺复苏对沙特阿拉伯13个地区OHCA生存率的影响，并确定了地区差异。
一项回顾性观察研究分析了沙特红新月会（SRCA）2024年1月1日至6月30日的OHCA数据。关键变量包括旁观者心肺复苏、患者人口统计学特征、初始心律、响应时间和自主循环恢复（ROSC）。对混杂因素进行了多变量逻辑回归调整。
12.0%的OHCA病例进行了旁观者心肺复苏。ROSC发生率为12.6%，接受旁观者心肺复苏的患者生存率（17.6%）高于未接受者（旁12.0%）（P<0.001）。然而，在对目击状态、机械心肺复苏使用和响应时间等混杂因素进行调整后，旁观者心肺复苏与生存率提高并无独立关联。地区差异明显，利雅得的旁观者心肺复苏率最高（26.4%），而几个地区的发生率低于5%。
虽然旁观者心肺复苏提高了ROSC率，但其对生存率的独立影响并不显著。这些发现强调了在沙特阿拉伯扩大心肺复苏培训、缩短紧急医疗服务响应时间以及采取针对性干预措施以提高OHCA生存率的必要性。
