Cherni Bilel, Marzouki Hamza, Selmi Okba, Chen Yung-Sheng, Bouassida Anissa, Chamari Karim
High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, University of Manouba, Tunisia.
Research Unit: Sport Sciences, Health and Movement, University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia.
Biol Sport. 2025 Jan 16;42(3):37-49. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2025.146788. eCollection 2025 Jul.
We examined the impact of biological maturity status ((pre-, circa- and post-peak height velocity (PHV)) on time-motion, physiological and technical responses of under-15 soccer players during different small-sided game (SSG) formats performed on different pitch sizes. Thirty-six players (n = 12 per biological maturity group) performed 3- and 4-a-side SSGs on regular (36 × 27 m, 40 × 30 m, respectively) and large (40 × 29 m, 44 × 33 m, respectively) pitches. Total distance (TD), peak velocity, accelerations (Accl) > 2.5 m · s, decelerations (Dec) > 2.5 m · s, distances covered at different speeds (0 to < 7.0, 7.0 to < 14.0, 14.0 to < 18.0, and ≥ 18.0 km · h), peak heart rate (HRpeak), HRmean (expressed as percentage of HRmax), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), post-SSG blood lactate concentration (BLa), and technical actions were recorded. There was a biological maturity effect on RPE, HRmean (%HRmax), percentage of successful passes (%SP), and interceptions, with pre-PHV players showing higher RPE and interception scores in large SSG formats (p < 0.05), and post-PHV players demonstrating higher HRmean (%HRmax) and %SP on regular and large 3-a-side and 4-a-side pitches (p < 0.05). Across all biological maturity groups, 4-a-side resulted in higher TD, distances covered at different speeds and ball-loss scores, and lower Accl, Dec, BLa, %SP, and duel scores than 3-a-side SSGs (p < 0.05) for both pitch sizes. On large pitches, 3-a-side SSGs resulted in higher ball possession, interception, and RPE scores (p < 0.05), while regular pitch sizes favoured higher Accl and Dec in both 3- and 4-a-side SSGs (p < 0.05). Large SSG formats generally outperformed regular formats in time-motion metrics. Our findings underscore the importance of considering both biological maturity and game format when designing training sessions for youth soccer players.
我们研究了生物成熟状态（身高增长速度峰值前、接近峰值和峰值后）对15岁以下足球运动员在不同尺寸场地进行不同形式小型比赛（SSG）期间的时间运动、生理和技术反应的影响。36名球员（每个生物成熟组12人）在常规场地（分别为36×27米、40×30米）和大型场地（分别为40×29米、44×33米）上进行了3对3和4对4的小型比赛。记录了总距离（TD）、峰值速度、加速度（Accl）>2.5米·秒、减速度（Dec）>2.5米·秒、不同速度下覆盖的距离（0至<7.0、7.0至<14.0、14.0至<18.0以及≥18.0千米·小时）、峰值心率（HRpeak）、平均心率（以HRmax的百分比表示）、主观用力程度（RPE）、小型比赛后血乳酸浓度（BLa）以及技术动作。生物成熟状态对RPE、平均心率（%HRmax）、成功传球百分比（%SP）和抢断有影响，身高增长速度峰值前的球员在大型小型比赛形式中表现出更高的RPE和抢断得分（p<0.05），而身高增长速度峰值后的球员在常规和大型3对3及4对4场地上表现出更高的平均心率（%HRmax）和%SP（p<0.05）。在所有生物成熟组中，对于两种场地尺寸，4对4的小型比赛比3对3的小型比赛导致更高的总距离、不同速度下覆盖的距离和丢球得分，以及更低的加速度、减速度、血乳酸浓度、%SP和对抗得分（p<0.05）。在大型场地上，3对3的小型比赛导致更高的控球、抢断和RPE得分（p<0.05），而常规场地尺寸在3对3和4对4的小型比赛中都有利于更高的加速度和减速度（p<0.05）。大型小型比赛形式在时间运动指标方面通常优于常规形式。我们的研究结果强调了在为青少年足球运动员设计训练课程时考虑生物成熟状态和比赛形式的重要性。
