Maes Michael, Almulla Abbas F, You Zili, Zhang Yingqian
Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.
Nat Rev Neurol. 2025 Jul 14. doi: 10.1038/s41582-025-01116-4.
This Review examines the role of neuroimmune imbalances and their relationship with metabolism and oxidative stress in the development and progression of major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicidal behaviours. We provide a concise overview of the neuroinflammatory environment and indicators of neuronal injury in the central nervous system of individuals with MDD. Furthermore, we explore the evidence for perturbations in both the peripheral and central immune system, T cell activation versus T regulatory cell depletion, intracellular signalling networks including nuclear factor-κB, lipid metabolism and neuroprotection. Last, we examine the mechanisms by which psychological stressors, translocation of Gram-negative bacteria, viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2 and metabolic syndrome can contribute to neuroimmune imbalances and, consequently, the acute phase of MDD.
本综述探讨了神经免疫失衡在重度抑郁症（MDD）及自杀行为的发生和发展过程中的作用，以及它们与代谢和氧化应激的关系。我们简要概述了MDD患者中枢神经系统中的神经炎症环境和神经元损伤指标。此外，我们还探讨了外周和中枢免疫系统紊乱、T细胞激活与调节性T细胞耗竭、包括核因子-κB在内的细胞内信号网络、脂质代谢和神经保护方面的证据。最后，我们研究了心理应激源、革兰氏阴性菌易位、如SARS-CoV-2等病毒感染和代谢综合征导致神经免疫失衡进而引发MDD急性期的机制。
