Souza Renan, Van Tassel David L, Korani Walid, Harkess Alex, Clevenger Josh
HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.
The Land Institute, Salina, KS, USA.
iScience. 2025 Jun 9;28(7):112836. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.112836. eCollection 2025 Jul 18.
Perennial crops are promising candidates for building climate resilient agricultural systems because they can sustain production in challenging environments and their deep roots mitigate soil erosion, nutrient leaching and preserve soil carbon. However, these plants are challenging to breed with classical approaches due to self-incompatibility, polyploidy, and large complex genomes. These factors have been a barrier to cultivar development, but with the advances in genomic technologies, this can change. The possibility of assembling genomes and generating molecular markers in a cost-effective way means that cultivars can be developed faster with marker-assisted selection similarly to major crops. Here, we describe a pathway to accelerate domestication, starting from the establishment of a diversity collection, assembly of a reference genome, the development of breeding populations, and use of sequencing to identify relevant alleles. We provide recommendations to successfully use genomics to accelerate domestication given an entirely new era of DNA sequencing technologies.
多年生作物有望成为构建气候适应型农业系统的候选作物，因为它们能够在具有挑战性的环境中维持生产，并且其深根可以减轻土壤侵蚀、养分淋失并保持土壤碳含量。然而，由于自交不亲和、多倍体以及庞大复杂的基因组，这些植物采用传统方法进行育种具有挑战性。这些因素一直是品种开发的障碍，但随着基因组技术的进步，这种情况可能会改变。以具有成本效益的方式组装基因组和生成分子标记的可能性意味着，可以像主要作物一样通过标记辅助选择更快地培育品种。在这里，我们描述了一条加速驯化的途径，从建立多样性种质库、组装参考基因组、培育育种群体以及利用测序来鉴定相关等位基因开始。鉴于DNA测序技术的全新时代，我们提供了成功利用基因组学加速驯化的建议。
