Gao Qiwei, Chen Zhuo, He Ya, Hao Zhangxiang, Feng Junrun
School of Science, School of Chip Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Sep;12(34):e07768. doi: 10.1002/advs.202507768. Epub 2025 Jul 15.
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries have attracted significant attention for large-scale energy storage applications, yet their practical implementation is fundamentally limited by zinc anode stability. This review first establishes a comprehensive understanding of zinc degradation mechanisms, revealing how ion transport, solvation dynamics, and electrical double layer structure collectively determine interfacial stability. The fundamental properties and protective mechanisms of biomass-derived materials are systematically analyzed, focusing on four key functional groups: carboxyl, amino, hydroxyl, and sulfonic acid. Through examining their roles in regulating critical interfacial processes, quantitative structure-function relationships are established that reveal optimal interface protection requires balanced binding energies rather than maximizing individual interactions. More significantly, it is demonstrated that spatial distribution and synergistic effects among multiple functional groups enable superior interface regulation beyond simple additive benefits. These molecular-level insights transform empirical additive selection into rational design principles. Critical challenges in mechanistic understanding, scalability, and standardization are identified, proposing strategic directions for advancing zinc-based energy storage technologies.
水系锌离子电池在大规模储能应用中备受关注，但其实际应用从根本上受到锌负极稳定性的限制。本综述首先全面深入地了解锌的降解机制，揭示离子传输、溶剂化动力学和双电层结构如何共同决定界面稳定性。系统分析了生物质衍生材料的基本性质和保护机制，重点关注四个关键官能团：羧基、氨基、羟基和磺酸基。通过研究它们在调节关键界面过程中的作用，建立了定量结构 - 功能关系，表明最佳的界面保护需要平衡的结合能，而不是最大化单个相互作用。更重要的是，研究表明多个官能团之间的空间分布和协同效应能够实现超越简单累加效益的卓越界面调控。这些分子层面的见解将经验性的添加剂选择转变为合理的设计原则。识别出了在机理理解、可扩展性和标准化方面的关键挑战，并提出了推进锌基储能技术的战略方向。
