Wodajo Legesse Tadesse, Adem Jibril Bashir, Nebi Tewodros Desalegn, Mengesha Solomon Tejineh, Sitotaw Ismael Kalayu, Belachew Shimelis Mekit, Aseffa Martha, Tadesse Biruk Legesse
College of Health Science, Department of Public Health, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia.
College of Health Science, Department of Pharmacy, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia.
BMC Womens Health. 2025 Jul 16;25(1):349. doi: 10.1186/s12905-025-03876-z.
According to global monitoring and UNAIDS estimates. In Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, the number of pregnant women living with HIV in 2020 was 1.2 million. A variety of studies revealed that people living with HIV desire reproduction in the absence of any ART administered to the mother; the rate of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV is 25-45%. Transmission and most child deaths related to HIV can be avoided with appropriate care during pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding. So far, there is limited information on the incidence of pregnancy outcomes and their predictors in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aims to determine pregnancy incidence and associated factors among reproductive-age women living with HIV/AIDS who are on ART clinic follow-up in public health facilities of the Arsi Zone, central Ethiopia.
An institution-based retrospective cohort study was employed among 481 reproductive-age women from December 2013 to April 2019 in ART clinics of selected public health facilities in the Arsi Zone, Ethiopia. Systematic random sampling was used to select study subjects from each public health facility. Data were imported into Epidata version 3.2 and exported into Stata version 14.2 for analysis. The Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan-Meier failure models were used to determine pregnancy predictors and estimate incidence, respectively. Independent predictors of pregnancy were determined by looking at variables that showed significant results (P value < 0.05) in the multivariate analysis.
The study included 481 women in total, yielding a response rate of 96.2%. The overall incidence of pregnancy was found to be 45.47 per 1000 person-years. Being 35 years of age or older (AHR: 0.29; 95% (0.13, 0.64)), being in a non-married couple (AHR: 0.14; 95% (0.04, 0.48)), being widowed or divorced (AHR: 0.20; 95% (0.05, 0.83)), and being a single mother (AHR: 0.42; 95% (0.19, 0.92)) were predictive factors of pregnancy incidence among women on ART.
In this study, the incidence of pregnancy among women on ART was found to be notable. Pregnancy incidence among women on ART was found to be negatively associated with being 35 years of age or older, being in a non-married couple, being widowed or divorced, and being a single mother. To lower the risks of pregnancy, effective counseling programs must be created, with an emphasis on young and married women living with HIVAIDS.
根据全球监测和联合国艾滋病规划署的估计。在撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）国家，2020年感染艾滋病毒的孕妇人数为120万。各种研究表明，在未对母亲进行任何抗逆转录病毒治疗的情况下，艾滋病毒感染者仍有生育意愿；艾滋病毒母婴传播（MTCT）率为25%-45%。通过孕期、分娩期和哺乳期的适当护理，可以避免传播以及大多数与艾滋病毒相关的儿童死亡。到目前为止，埃塞俄比亚关于妊娠结局发生率及其预测因素的信息有限。因此，本研究旨在确定在埃塞俄比亚中部阿尔西地区公共卫生设施接受抗逆转录病毒治疗门诊随访的艾滋病毒/艾滋病育龄妇女的妊娠发生率及相关因素。
2013年12月至2019年4月，在埃塞俄比亚阿尔西地区选定公共卫生设施的抗逆转录病毒治疗门诊，对481名育龄妇女进行了一项基于机构的回顾性队列研究。采用系统随机抽样从每个公共卫生设施中选取研究对象。数据导入Epidata 3.2版本，并导出到Stata 14.2版本进行分析。分别使用Cox比例风险模型和Kaplan-Meier失败模型来确定妊娠预测因素并估计发生率。通过查看在多变量分析中显示出显著结果（P值<0.05）的变量来确定妊娠的独立预测因素。
该研究共纳入481名妇女，应答率为96.2%。妊娠的总体发生率为每1000人年45.47例。年龄在35岁及以上（调整后风险比：0.29；9�%置信区间（0.13，0.64））、处于非婚伴侣关系（调整后风险比：0.14；9�%置信区间（0.04，0.48））、丧偶或离婚（调整后风险比：0.20；9�%置信区间（0.05，0.83））以及为单身母亲（调整后风险比：0.42；9�%置信区间（0.19，0.92））是接受抗逆转录病毒治疗妇女妊娠发生率的预测因素。
在本研究中，发现接受抗逆转录病毒治疗妇女的妊娠发生率值得关注。接受抗逆转录病毒治疗妇女的妊娠发生率与年龄在35岁及以上、处于非婚伴侣关系、丧偶或离婚以及为单身母亲呈负相关。为降低妊娠风险，必须制定有效的咨询项目，重点关注感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病的年轻已婚妇女。
