Tirmizi Syeda Shahmoona, Akhtar Syed Mamoon, Rajput Aisha Naz, Anwar Adnan, Tariq Umair, Hashmi Atif A
Dermatology, Hamdard Medical University, Karachi, PAK.
Internal Medicine, Shaikh Tahnoon Bin Mohammed Medical City, Abu Dhabi, ARE.
Cureus. 2025 Jun 14;17(6):e86030. doi: 10.7759/cureus.86030. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Objectives Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is frequently related with various cutaneous manifestations, which may be influenced by comorbid conditions such as dyslipidemia. Hence, this study compared the demographic to match clinical and dermatological profiles of T2DM patients with and without dyslipidemia. Methodology This cross-sectional study was conducted at a secondary care hospital using a non-probability convenient sampling technique over six months. A total of 280 T2DM patients aged 40-65 years were included in this study. Patients were distributed into two equal groups: Group A (with dyslipidemia) and Group B (without dyslipidemia). Data on demographics, clinical history, lifestyle factors, treatment regimens, and dermatological findings were collected using structured questionnaires, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. A Chi-square test and a Mann-Whitney test were applied to examine the association of dermatological symptoms in T2DM. A p-value < 0.05 was reflected as statistically significant. Results The study findings showed that a significant gender disparity was observed: all patients in Group A were male subjects at 140 (100%), while Group B were predominantly female subjects at 88.6% (p<0.001). A larger proportion of Group A had diabetes for more than five years, 47 (33.6%) compared to Group B at 14 (10.0%), (p<0.001), and more frequent use of insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents (p=0.001). Xerosis with fissured skin was significantly more common in Group B at 109(77.9%), (p<0.001). The presence of bullae was also significantly greater in Group B at 54(38.6%) as compared to Group A at 25 (17.9%) (p<0.001). Although acanthosis nigricans showed no significant difference, it was slightly more prevalent in Group B. Conclusion This study concluded that the dermatological manifestations were common among T2DM patients, with notable differences based on dyslipidemia status. Patients without dyslipidemia showed a higher prevalence of xerosis, ichthyosis, callosities, and bullae, whereas paresthesias were more frequently observed in those with dyslipidemia.
目的 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）常与多种皮肤表现相关，这些表现可能受血脂异常等合并症的影响。因此，本研究比较了有血脂异常和无血脂异常的 T2DM 患者的人口统计学特征、临床和皮肤学特征。方法 本横断面研究在一家二级护理医院进行，采用非概率便利抽样技术，为期六个月。本研究共纳入 280 例年龄在 40 - 65 岁的 T2DM 患者。患者被分为两组，每组人数相等：A 组（有血脂异常）和 B 组（无血脂异常）。通过结构化问卷、体格检查和实验室检查收集有关人口统计学、临床病史、生活方式因素、治疗方案和皮肤学检查结果的数据。应用卡方检验和 Mann - Whitney 检验来研究 T2DM 患者皮肤症状的相关性。p 值 < 0.05 表示具有统计学意义。结果 研究结果显示存在显著的性别差异：A 组所有患者均为男性，共 140 例（100%），而 B 组主要为女性，占 88.6%（p < 0.001）。A 组中糖尿病病程超过五年的比例更高，为 47 例（33.6%），而 B 组为 14 例（10.0%），（p < 0.001），且 A 组使用胰岛素和口服降糖药的频率更高（p = 0.001）。皮肤干燥伴皮肤皲裂在 B 组更为常见，有 109 例（77.9%），（p < 0.001）。水疱的出现率在 B 组也显著高于 A 组，B 组为 54 例（38.6%），A 组为 25 例（17.9%）（p < 0.001）。虽然黑棘皮病无显著差异，但在 B 组略为常见。结论 本研究得出结论，皮肤表现在 T2DM 患者中很常见，根据血脂异常状况存在显著差异。无血脂异常的患者皮肤干燥、鱼鳞病、胼胝和水疱的患病率较高，而感觉异常在有血脂异常的患者中更常见。
